The article evaluates the efficiency of use of agricultural land and labor in agricultural production by Federal districts of Russia for 2009-2013. Authors considered the dynamics of the arable of land, the crops, the value of gross output in current and constant prices, its structure by categories of farms, the volume per 100 ha of conventional arable land and one engaged in agriculture. The conclusion is drawn that in all regions of the country there are reserves and possibilities of acceleration of growth rates of volumes of production of plant growing and animal husbandry.
The author carried out the multidimensional correlation and regression analysis on the basis of these agricultural organizations of the Prevolga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2011-2013 for an assessment of influence of factors on production efficiency. Interpretation of results showed that the greatest impact on production efficiency is made by material costs on 100 hectares of the farmland, providing with workers, the state support of development of plant growing, salary size. Each agricultural organization requires development of own model of the organizational and economic mechanism of the managing considering a financial condition of the enterprise, possibility of financial improvement and restoration of solvency, prospect of further development, involvement of intensive and investment factors.
Intensive development of branch of dairy cattle breeding is possible when involving in production of the hi-tech equipment and the highly skilled workers and experts able to work with this equipment.Further development of dairy cattle breeding aggravates problems of the organization of utilization of organic cow dung and steady feeding of animals. The author developed economic-mathematical model of production of forages on the basis of increase of fertility of the soil for typical regions of the Kaluga region. The author presented comparative calculation of costs of entering of liquid organic fertilizer into the soil by tanks and by hose for transportation on dis-tance to 4 km for a complex with 2500 dairy cattle. Despite high initial capital investments over 34 million rubles the hose system is more eco-friendly and economic then tanks system due to more high effi-ciency. Farms have a possibility of the organization of work on application of fertilizers in the most optimum agroterms. High capital investments on utilization of manure will demand rendering the state support.
There is the basic directions and a forecast of distribution and specialization branches of agriculture in article. Authors proposed methodology of forecasting territorial and sectoral division of labor in agri-culture, based on the priority position in agriculture industries, which are determined by their crucial role in meeting the needs of the population in basic foodstuffs. Future production of major agricultural products are based on the needs and the tasks of the Doctrine food security, as well as the State program of agricultural development and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020. For definition of necessary food resources temporary ranks for the 23-year period of supervision on the main groups of agricultural production were created, the forecast of productivity for specialized zones of cultivation was made. Results of calculations show that it is expedient to place the main production of winter wheat in regions of the North Caucasus, the Central Chernozem region: in the Stavropol and Krasnodar regions, the Rostov, Volgograd and Voronezh areas. Here it is possible to concentrate 94‰ of cultivated areas, to receive 96‰ of total yield. The main part of crops of a spring-sown field needs to be concentrated in regions of the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, at con-centration in them about 94‰ of cultivated areas, 93‰ of total yield.
Modernization of branches and spheres of national economy on the basis of cooperation, advantages of the cooperative principles and values becomes more and more topical issue in agrarian and industrial complex of Russia. The science acted as the generator of new ideas of modernization of production always and everywhere. The special role belongs to domestic science in development of agro-industrial complex. Isolation of science from distribution of the gained effect, from applications of novelties in production reduces its material interest in the results, doesn't promote increase of productivity of scientific work. The basis of economic relations of scientific work with production of goods needs to be considered the realization of knowledge for a material product. The scheme has to be is as follows: "productive scientific work - a production of goods".
The agro-industrial park is the modern, multipurpose technological complex which is carrying out functions on storage, processing and realization of the agricultural production made by small famaly farms and the agricultural organizations. The agroindustrial park in a subcomplex of production and processing of meat creates system of a production and marketing chain wich includes a sagination of cattle, a slaughter, primary and deep processing of meat, cold storage of meat. Expansion of activity of agroindustrial park in infrastructure of the food market would be promoted by an active position of the agricultural consumer purchasing and marketing on cooperative's basis with participation of producers of agricultural production. Association of producers of agricultural production under the integrator in uniform system of food supply allows to create a steady basis for development of agrarian and industrial complex, to balance production and sale of agricultural products and to solve problems of food security.
The most important task of economic regulation at the regional level is balanced socio-economic development of municipalities. From the position of the infrastructure capacity of each region can be viewed as a multidimensional object, the potential of which describes not one, but a set of indicators. Assessment of the level of infrastructure capacity will be more complete if we use a system of indicators that influence its formation. The article proposed and tested a methodology for comparative analysis, wich based on the calculation of the integral indicator of the level of development of social infrastructure of municipalities, which source of statistical indicators that allow to assess the level of development of social infrastructure of municipalities and three territories. A ranking shows that the level of provision of facilities and services social infrastructure varies significantly between individual administrative-territorial areas. Grouping and typology of the territory will allow to develop the main directions and tools of regional policy for the territories with different levels of development.
Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, consisting of a number of production lines, of which every is for itself sufficiently complex and specific. The role of agriculture is reflected in its contribution to the creation of gross domestic product and value-added food production for human nutrition, production of raw materials for other industries and consumption of products other sectors for agricultural purposes. Agriculture is measured by its contribution to the creation of GDP, very important for the Republic of Srpska. The agricultural sector in the period 2007-12 participated with 10-12‰ in total GDP of Republic of Srpska. The research topic was the analysis of the plant production in the Republic of Srpska. The analysis included the production of grain, industrial plants, fruit and vegetable production.The research is based on the available data, with method applied "research at the table" ("desk researsh"). Basic data are taken from the statistical publications of the National Bureau of Statistics, which are systematized using standard mathematical and statistical methods.
Contradictory world economic tendencies aggravated problems of a sustainable development of agrarian sector of national economy. Ensuring food security and import substitution in the agrarian and industrial complex sphere in the conditions of membership of Russia in the WTO is one of priority problems of agrocapacious regions that is impossible without the state support. In article need of improvement of the existing measures of the state support of agricultural producers according to classification of the WTO by restructuring of measures of a grocery and specific and grocery and nonspecific row is noted. Within the program of Stavropol Krai authors suggest to allocate budgetary funds in the sizes calculated by them for actions which belong to measures of "a green box".
Justification of the priority directions of social and economic development of regions requires improvement of tools of strategic planning and forecasting. Authors proved need of addition of system of strategic planning of social and economic development of separate branches of economy of the region by practice of application of methods of perspective extrapolation. In the course of research expected trajectories of target indicators of a state program of Stavropol Krai "Development of agriculture" are revealed, options are received (inert, pessimistic, optimistic) estimates of their values for the period till 2025, the analysis of compliance of values of the main target indicators to the received versions of the forecast is carried out. Creation of econometric models of target indicators of a state program of Stavropol Krai "Development of agriculture" and use of results of their scenario forecasting should be considered as a tool and methodical basis of development of programs socially - economic development of branches and territories. The approved algorithm of forecasting has ample opportunities in the solution of applied problems of development, monitoring and correction of target indicators of strategic programs of social and economic development of the region.