The basis of assessment which is carried out by the authors hypothesized that technical modernization of agriculture is determined by the direction of formation of an innovative industrial base, as the technology with the specified output parameters requires selection of a new sort or hybrid and the appropriate machines and tractors; it concluded that the main component of justification for re-engineering is the optimization of the structure and composition of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural organizations and correction the procedure for determining the normative requirements, taking into account the technical parameters of units of technology park; it emphasizes the importance of compliance with the technical and economic specifications for the organization of technological processes, because a shortage of technique generates losses of agricultural crops and adversely affects the timing of the agro-technical work; the priorities of technical re-equipment of agricultural production are determined as including the following areas: the development of techno-economic projects of technical support; the equipment of technical facilities by satellite navigation; the formation of resource-efficient machine-technological complex; the development of competitive agricultural engineering; creation an adequate innovation infrastructure.
This article presents the results of research on sustainable land use in the Stavropol region. Modern agricultural production in the region is characterized by extremely limited conditions of extensive development. Therefore, increasing the intensity of use of the resource potential of the agricultural enterprises in modern conditions should be regarded as objectively necessary factor in the development of agriculture and improve the functioning of agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms. The main directions of intensification are comprehensive mechanization, use of chemicals in agriculture and land reclamation. One of the factors hampering the development of agricultural production and increase crop production, and primarily horticultural industry remains insufficient land reclamation. The authors assessed the current state and development of land reclamation as a factor of intensive development of the crop. Revealed positive trends and negative factors affecting the development of the crop in the region
The article notes that one of the main problems hampering the development of agricultural production and an increase in agricultural production - a lack of financial resources for working capital (current activity) and the implementation of investment projects, which makes the Russian agribusiness lack of competitiveness both in the domestic Russian market and on the outer holding back the process of updating the material and technical base of production and introduction of innovative technologies in the domestic agricultural sector. The funds are yet no alternative source of financing, but the poor financial condition of many agricultural enterprises, the lack of collateral for the loan, which require banks, absence of positive credit history, make it difficult, and in some cases makes it impossible to obtain bank loans. The authors propose measures of improving the financial and credit mechanism that will ensure the availability of credit and increase the investment activity of the domestic agribusiness.
In article expediency of development and practical application of a technique of an assessment of efficiency of public administration in agriculture is proved. The methodical base of an assessment of efficiency of state bodies agrarian sector isn't developed by economic science in a due measure. Authors offered the list of indicators by means of which it is recommended to carry out the specified assessment. Approach assumes existence of a vertical of public administration of agrarian and industrial complex and is created on the basis of 8 problem and functional blocks. The creating favorable conditions of managing for formations of agrarian sector assumes performance of very extensive list of functions by the state. The assessment of efficiency of public administration of agrarian and industrial complex should be carried out on each function. Results of an assessment can be used by heads of various authorities for the analysis of a situation in agrarian and industrial complex, development of measures for increase of efficiency of public administration by branch. The conclusion that such technique can become the effective instrument of personnel policy and stimulation of activity of the authorities responsible for development of branch is drawn.
In article the analysis of investment activity of the agrarian sphere of economy of Stavropol Krai is carried out; direct dependence of dynamics of investments of the agricultural organizations into fixed capital and volumes of production of agriculture is revealed; the analysis of the realized investment projects for 2011-2014 in a section of economic and social efficiency is carried out; positive dynamics of investments in agriculture is established. The most investment attractive subsectors - cattle breeding, aviculture, greenhouses, processing of agricultural raw materials and meliorative systems. Concentration of investment projects depends on zone specialization of municipal areas. In dynamics reduction of the volume of investment at the expense of budgetary funds at preservation of high level of debt load of the agrarian sphere is observed. On the basis of the conducted research objective need of carrying out monitoring of the realized investment projects at the regional level aimed at the development of branches of agriculture of Stavropol Territory for the purpose of implementation of an assessment of their efficiency is revealed. Authors offered stages of selection of the investment projects applying for the state support, the technique of an assessment of efficiency of the realized investment projects which will allow to draw a conclusion on the level of investment appeal of the project is offered and to make the decision to the Ministry of Agriculture of Stavropol Territory on providing the state support.
Based on sample surveys of farms Nizhny Novgorod region in 1994, Russian Agricultural Census 2006 and Rosstat data for 2012 summarizes the development of farming in Russia revealed its economic entity characterized by legal models, the basic directions of perfection of its legal status. The author defines the social and economic parameters of modern farms in Russia: the number of employees (members), the level of education, the size of the land area and so on. As the main factor hindering the development of farming celebrated their low supply of material and technical resources and lack of farmer cooperatives. Based on the analysis of the current situation it is concluded that it should improve the legal status of farms, the introduction of educational requirements for head of household, since agriculture is socially significant production. To make the right management decisions and the formation of an effective Agrarian Policy in relation to farming need reliable information about their activities. To improve the transparency of farm lifestyle authors propose to the Ministry of Agriculture (including regional) Register farms that provide the necessary information about farming.
The results of the field experiment in Nizhny Novgorod region have allowed to make a comparative evaluation in the effectiveness of using of various industrial complex fertilizers (ammophos, diammophoska, NPK-fertilizer, NPK, nitroammophoska) and mixed fertilizers on the basis of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride on the spring wheat subjected to local fertilizer at sowing or plowing as the main fertilizer. For local fertilizing the fertilizer mixture with the N:P:K ratio of 1,3:1:1 was used, and for plowing - with a ratio of 2:1:1 and 2:1:2, aligned for all variants in a dose of phosphorus 16 and 40 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that the optimal ratio of nutrients for main fertilizing of the spring wheat is 2:1:1, which gives a yield increase of 26‰ compared to the yield on the unfertilized control at 2.43 t/ha. Use of fertilizer mixtures consisting of macrofertilizers with increased dose of nitrogen (1.3 times) for presowing use provides a profitability level of 12.4‰, significantly outperforming the nitroammophoska, diammophoska and NPK. The use of mixed fertilizers with a high content of nitrogen and potassium for primary tillage is more economically efficient than the use of complex fertilizers. It allows to raise the profitability of spring wheat production in 6,5-8,8 times and increase the conditional net income (from 180 to 1554 rubles/ha).
Land use problems lie in the field of their turnover. Land market needs, providing land redistribution in favor of the subjects whose objectives correspond to increase agricultural production. Insufficiency of perfect transactions in the market of farmlands complicates determination of their real market value.One element of the turnover of land is rent. The sizes rent have to consider payments not only economic and technological properties of the land plots, but also social value of use of lands of agricultural purpose. Suggestions for rental rates per unit area on the basis of the cadastral value for state and municipal land will not only replenish the revenue side of the budget, but also increase rural employment. Set out principles for determining rents are the basis of consideration of the interests of subjects of the lease.
Unsatisfactory quality of arable land negatively affects productivity and nutritional value of forage crops, quality of forages, efficiency of animal husbandry. Authors offer the project on land reclamation in agriculture, prove a technique of an assessment of the economic effects arising from its introduction in the related branches of plant growing, a forage production and animal husbandry, a technique of an assessment of efficiency of the project from the investor's position. The binding part in the offered project is assigned to the enterprises of a forage production through which integration communications in agrarian and industrial complex are formed and the essential effect in agriculture, a forage production, plant growing and animal husbandry is reached. The offered technique allows to estimate in a complex the integration project on land reclamation from a position of all parties concerned. Results of the carried-out calculations testify to possibility of receiving essential economic effect in the related branches of agriculture, plant growing, a forage production and animal husbandry and thus on condition of its mass introduction about possibility of essential growth of domestic agrarian and industrial complex that will predetermine increase of food security of the state the question about which became especially sharp in modern conditions in connection with imposition of sanctions.