After war wounds were healed, the Soviet government began to allocate to agro-industrial complex considerable investments: livestock complexes, poultry farms were under construction, the material base of collective farms and state farms became stronger, in wide scales meliorative works were carried out. Because relations of production lagged behind quickly growing productive forces, in system of agrarian and industrial complex there were disproportions, each branch of agrarian and industrial complex worked by the rules, there was no equivalent exchange. The assessment of economic activity didn't stimulate increase in production. All this led to that investments in agrarian and industrial complex didn't give due return. Many present liberals blame for it collective farms and state farms. The objective analysis shows that the reason was outside managing forms. Retail prices for agricultural products remained without change within three decades whereas on industrial goods grew annually. Weakening of public administration during reforms generated an anarchy, uncontrollability. The formed specialization of regions, cooperation and integration of production was destroyed decades. Long-awaited freedom turned back chaos, and the so-called democracy gained ugly lines of the power of crowd and money.
The article says, that the solution to the problem of sustainable development of grain production in the zone of risky agriculture gets a special acuteness, because corn is the most important strategic product, which largely determines interbranch proportions not only in agricultural production, but also in the economy as a whole. The sustainable and dynamic development of the grain production in the zone of risky agriculture only possible using achievements scientific and technical progress, allowing lead continuous updating of the grain industry and constituting the basis its effective functioning. One of the main directions of development of scientific and technical progress in a grain farm should consider the organization of intensive selection process for creation of new grades and hybrids of grain crops and their accelerated introduction through the developed regional system of seed farming answering to market conditions of managing. Fully it is possible to realize technological and biological factors if the farms making grain have real economic opportunity in due time to update the machine and tractor park.
There were negative tendencies in agricultural use of the earth: a decrease in fertility of farm-lands, strengthening of a wind and water erosion, a deterioration of ecology of rural territories; a decrease in accumulation and introduction of organic fertilizers, a reduction of cultivation of forage crops and especially perennial grasses, violation of crop rotations. Ensuring positive balance of organic substance, high dynamics of its growth creates favorable conditions for stage-by-stage steady productivity of crops. The author recommends to introduce the program of a biologization of agriculture including ob-servance of classical crop rotations, introduction of organic fertilizers, lime application of soils, use of green manure crop, cultivation of perennial grasses, soy. The biologization is the careful attitude to the earth at economically effective activity of agricultural production providing comfortable accommodation of the person and satisfying his material requirements. All actions of the project of a biologization provide decrease in level of negative influence of anthropogenous load of soils, are directed on prevention of threat of deterioration of their state in the future. Implementation of the project will have positive impact on ensuring food security of area, improvement of health of the population and stabilization of a social and economic situation in the region.
Effective advance of grain is defined by a number of conditions the most important of which is the organization of distribution system of grain. The author defined advantages and shortcoming of the existing grain sales channels for the main producers in the region taking into account outputs and the level of marketability. Effective advance of grain is defined by a number of conditions the most significant of which is the organization of distribution system of grain taking into account use of such forms of exchange trade in grain as futures and forwards. For optimization of regional distribution system of grain by the author the technique of formation of strategy of realization of grain taking into account use of the mechanism of exchange trade is offered. This technique allows to consider individual financial and economic position of the enterprise, taking into account minimum admissible level of profitability and on the basis of it to carry out further planning of realization of grain. The constructed imitating model of process of planning of realization of grain naturally can be expanded on versatile activity of the agricultural enterprise. Its main element is calculation of influence of each administrative decision on an integrated indicator. The received imitating model allows to define consequences of any of contracts, and also to make optimization of its volumes.
On the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) authors revealed the high-quality changes testifying to essential advantages in creation and development of credit cooperation as systems: the two-level system of agricultural credit cooperation (ACC) is created; the reliable channel of bank credit resources on the village is created; the system of the economic relations between cooperatives of various levels, is adjusted by cooperatives and banks, cooperatives and their members; experience of the organization of vertical management and control of activity of cooperatives of the first (local) level is saved up. The system of agricultural credit cooperation of Yakutia is expected by the hard times caused by introduction of state regulation and supervision of activity of ACC, including introduction of the electronic reporting under operations with money, restriction of cash money turnover. According to authors, the regulator has to consider the developed realities in the market of agricultural credit cooperatives and adhere risk - to the focused approach in forming of mechanisms of regulation and control of activity of ACC.
The wholesale and retail trade, public catering and purchases of agricultural production remain the main kinds of activity of consumer cooperation. The article analyzes the state of the market milk production infrastructure for its storage, processing, and implementation in a system of consumer cooperatives. The conclusion is drawn that in recent years the considerable part of the consumer unions didn't recover from crisis and couldn't reach volumes of 2009 regarding milk purchases. Authors offer ways of recovery from the crisis of procuring branch of consumer cooperation: it is necessary to restore a network of procuring points in rural areas, to expand purchases of production by the rural shops operating according to the scheme "shop storage place" to optimize organizational structure, to carry out work on new construction, restoration and modernization of material base. It is necessary to look for financing sources, to apply non-standard decisions, to introduce new forms of public-private partnership.
Among modern calls of Russia the developing loss process by considerable part of rural areas of the status of the rendered habitable territories can't remain out of attention of the power and society any more. Among measures of impact on a situation for restoration and the subsequent development of agriculture in these territories is one of the most priority. In this regard research of typology of agrarian structures which were created in subjects of the country in the course of reforms is carried out. The demographic situation of rural areas of regions, a condition of its settlement network, and also loss scales from use of farmlands are at the same time considered. It is as a result established that among orga-nizatsionno-legal forms of branch the farmer way of managing comprises the most considerable potential as for settling of the become deserted rural territories, and return to use of the lands which dropped out of production. In this regard already realized programs for grant support of the beginning farmers and development of family livestock farms can play especially noticeable role. A number of measures which will promote expansion of scales of implementation of these programs locates in article.
The article concludes that the excessive number of subsidized regions in Russia emerged largely due to the sub-optimal inter-budgetary relations. It is noted that it is also one of the main causes of the crisis in the countryside. Formulated factors determining the socio-economic situation of rural areas. It was revealed that these factors should be divided into primary and subsequent orders. It was established that the basis for it is expedient to take only the first of them. It is shown that the majority of them have administrative nature. A new approach to the classification of the factors considered, the advantage of which is that it reflects the most current trends in improving the management of rural development, the implementation of which will contribute to improving the socio-economic situation of the regions.
The social development of the countryside rest against insufficient financing at the expense of means of the consolidated budget. The author suggests using the public-private partnership mechanism in the form of system of funds of municipal bonds for development of rural territories by means of structuring and merger of investment funds of bonds. The funding mechanism for investments into social objects of the village by means of use of tools of the debt market is the most perspective option which spreads risks between participants of partnership - the state and a set of private institutional investors. The role of the state can consist in use of instruments of compensation or stimulation of budgets of various levels according to expenses or the income of investors.
The article considers the problem of extinction villages, staffing, an unemployment in agriculture from the standpoint of the author's concept of communication distance. The author developed a conceptual framework of the theory of communication availability, terms are introduced into scientific circulation: commercial communication accessibility, communication resource availability, labor communications availability, production and communication accessibility. During research need of zoning of profit depending on communication availability was revealed, diameter of a field of effective agricultural operating in modern conditions is calculated. Agricultural agglomeration is considered as consisting of the producing the core and providing socio cloud, which is the cumulative consequence of agricultural production communication distance communication and labor availability. Social and public institutes of agricultural agglomeration have to be concentrated in the producing kernel that will allow due to their concentration, to improve quality of institutes and to reduce unproductive expenses. The main objective of providing socio clouds, which is essential in creating a comfortable level of public support of labor resources. The problem of excess country people is a problem of all national economy of the country and isn't solved within agriculture. Formation of agricultural agglomerations demands change of a state policy of support of agriculture since the existing measures generate "velferization" of country people with rather sad consequences for the country. In agglomerative policy it is necessary to be guided by economic efficiency not of the certain agricultural settlement, but agricultural agglomeration.