Functioning of the wholesale distribution centres (WDC) is a timely and necessary condition of providing the population with food, increases of competitiveness of domestic agrarian sector and food security of the state. For the agrarian sphere the concept of a distribution centre has to be expanded as enters its tasks not only formation of commodity parties, but also completion and processing of agricultural production, packing, transportation and trade, rendering services of veterinary certification, phyto sanitary control. Authors offered a technique of formation of WDC which includes a choice of a location of the center, the flowchart of definition of an organizational and legal form, production structure, model of economic relationship between partners depending on conditions of activity of WDC and initiators of the project.
For improvement of management of technological operations in plant growing use of budgets of technological expenses is expedient. The practice of formation of budgets of expenses is various, budgets make on divisions in general and to items of expenditure, on separate cultures with allocation or without allocation of technological modules (complexes of operations). The preparation of budgets is preceded by drawing up flow charts of cultivation of the cultures reflecting structure of the operations provided by the accepted technologies. Use of budgets assumes observance by all participants of technological process of the main requirements of technological discipline.
The modern agriculture in Russia has an acute shortage of organic fertilizers. The author gave calculation of economic efficiency of production and application of a new type of compost. Economic effect can be defined, how: effect from production of compost proceeding from net profit of production; economy from transportations of smaller amount of compost to an introduction place; economy from introduction of smaller doses of compost at the rate of decrease in costs of 1 hectare; effect from decrease in the losses of a crop caused by decrease in diseases of plants and a smaller contamination of crops. The production technology of a new type of compost successfully passed the state acceptance tests. The use of compost of a new kind in agriculture showed high agro-, power-, economic efficiency at decrease in a contamination of fields and diseases of plants. The profit of economy in a year from introduction to operation of object will make 7.7 million roubles.
In the article there are forecast scenarios for aquaculture development in the Russian Federation for the period 2015-2020. For the construction of the matrix are forecast scenarios for aquaculture development in the Russian Federation. For each field of the matrix is carried out expert evaluation of the following parameters: the size and composition of the Fisheries Fund, the number and capacity of fisheries enterprises (including hatcheries), the volume of catch by species fishery fund and enterprises operating costs of fisheries management and the required investments. According to this data it is determined by the possible annual aquaculture production until 2020.
To identify the characteristics of milk production at the level of individual agricultural enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, contact was conducted regression analysis. By means of the correlation method were identified significant factors affecting the productivity of the dairy herd and the level of its effectiveness. Regression analysis allowed us to determine the values of variables that contribute to the formation of different levels of performance features. In the first model of the sign taken effective productivity of dairy cattle (y ) there were served as a factor variable: the total costs of maintaining a dairy herd, the share of spending on food, the number of dairy cattle on 100 hectares of agricultural land. As a result, it found that an increase in milk yields rising cost of maintaining one's head, and the optimal share of spending on food in the total cost is 55‰ and the number of cows appropriate to increase to 10 beasts on 100 hectares of agricultural land. In the second model, made a sign of effective cost recovery (y ), and factors were: the average yield per cow 1, the level of commercialization of milk and livestock of dairy herd of 100 hectares of agricultural land. This revealed that the cost of dairy farming are beginning to pay off when it is necessary in 3350 kg/head., With an increase in milk production up to 7000 kg/head. payback increases reaching 120‰.
Food security at the regional level is inextricably linked with the volume of production of agricultural food products. Depending on environmental factors, climatic conditions, the region is part of donor regions, some is a subsidized region and part is self-sufficient regions. Self-sufficiency of subjects of the Russian Federation considers food production in the region, industrial consumption, losses and personal consumption in the region. In order to identify the situation of the all-Russian agricultural self-sufficiency of food ranging of regions of the Russian Federation by the method of multi-dimensional medium. As a result of rating revealed leading regions and regions-outsiders. According to the rating shows the dynamics adequacy main animal products: milk and meat products and meat and meat products in the regions leaders and outsiders.
Agriculture has its internal reserve using for support of stabile development and meeting the people’s main needs. Cooperation is able to increase the autonomy of economic entities to political and macroeconomic factors and generate synergies. It needs clarifying of existing cooperation forms. We offer a union of agricultural machinery owners as an association of individuals and legal entities, which allows its members to coordinate their actions and save their legal independence using together outsourced means of production. The management of this union is realized with information centre, which has the following functions: organizational, monitoring, marketing, social, consulting, financial and commercial. Studies conducted by experimental ground have shown the union form’s viability on the example of 7 farmers in Rebrihinskiy district, Altai krai. Their cooperation has 69100 thousand roubles of net present value.
This article focuses on the analysis studies of engineering education, especially in the agricultural production conditions in Nigeria. It suggests possible ways of development of engineering education for agricultural production in Nigeria. In contrary to this, the article presents an empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural production on economic growth and their contribution to export growth. The interaction between engineering education and agricultural production are highlighted based on historical facts and analysis. The article further outlines some of the challenges that are facing agricultural production and the strategies for engineering transformation of the economy in Nigeria. Consequently, the article provides the reader some statistical information of how engineering education has contributed to the development of agricultural production through technology and research programs. In conclusion, the results obtained from this article are sufficiently useful to correct and improve the development of engineering education and agricultural production for Nigeria future economic growth.
The article discusses the role of science and technology in sustainable development of agriculture. The necessity of creating a system of innovative entrepreneurship, implementation of the training, able and willing to use innovation, while important for the transition of the Russian agro-industrial production the innovative way of development is the activity of higher education institutions of agrarian profile. Allocate such directions STP in agriculture, such as: the development of database processing and storage of agricultural products; increase soil fertility and crop yields; development of effective systems of financial and trade flows; the search for new forms and methods of strategic planning leasing lessees, lessors, manufacturers selhozmashinostroitelnoy products. It is noted that for effective management of science, technology and innovation are important APK state target program of technological and technical modernization of agriculture, scientific-technical and innovative programs of basic and applied research priorities in the agricultural sector in the future. It is concluded that the science-based agrarian reforms with strengthening their innovative orientation will increase the capacity in the production of progressive implementation of technical and technological solutions, based on what will make the transition to sustainable development of agro-industrial complex.
The research of the problem of providing sufficient food for the population of the Northern territories is a priority in achieving the parameters of the Doctrine of food security of the country. Sufficiency of consumption of the food in this or that concrete region of the North is determined by two main positions: degree of satisfaction of needs of the population for the main food; level of the power maintenance of a food allowance. Base of definition of the indicators characterizing degree of sufficiency of consumption of the food by the population of regions of the North is the ratio of the actual and standard data. A comparative analysis of the level of food consumption between regions of the North and of Northern regions with average data in the Russian Federation was made. The scientific assessment of trends and patterns that emerged in the field of food security of the population in Northern areas, in the course of market reforms and the subsequent period is proposed. The positive experience of the formation of food resources in the North in the period of planned economy was received, including the rational combination of the development of local agricultural production and importation of food from outside. At present a decisive impact on the sufficiency of food in the North provides the level of development of local agricultural production, while the solvency of monetary income of the population is not a limiting factor.