In article the main tendencies peculiar to the domestic market of vegetable production in the hothouses which is subject to influence of external and internal factors are considered. The ban of import of vegetable production expanded the market to the Russian producers, however the state thus didn't provide a condition for its economic development. Technical backwardness doesn't allow the majority of domestic greenhouses to work in winter time. More than 70‰ of production is made in off-season that reduces efficiency of activity. In hothouse economy of the country alternative energy sources are poorly used. A big shortcoming is that in Russia there are no standard projects of hothouses. The solution of problems of hothouse economy demands essential investments in various directions to production, infrastructure and scientific.
In the conditions of action of the anti-Russian sanctions and embargo on certain types of production ensuring food security and need of import substitution for branches of agro-industrial complex is a fundamental factor of maintenance of social and economic stability of the country. The article reflects the current situation of food safety and product quality, and provides suggestions for the Doctrine of the indicators of food security and improvement of the quality of food products. Steady functioning of spheres of agrarian and industrial complex, ensuring competitiveness of a domestic production, achievement of food independence and safety of the country is inseparably linked with development of production and realization of agricultural production.
The article is devoted to the evaluation of processes observed in the economy, including the agricultural sector, in relation with elements of the economic mechanism and assessment of the prospects of the domestic economy. In 2014 because of the sanctions reducing access of the Russian banks and companies to foreign financial resources, and reduction of prices of oil, the economic situation in the country considerably worsened. Situation in rural economics differed from an overall picture. The revenue of the agricultural organizations from sale of goods, production, works and services increased almost by 26‰. Profitability made 16.2‰. However because of devaluation of rubble considerably grew staple prices, materials and equipment, credit resources became more expensive, their physical availability decreased. In branch the huge accounts payable collected. For stimulation of growth of agricultural production, increase of competitiveness of agricultural production, maintenance of financial stability of producers, and also increases in rates of import substitution it is necessary to improve the operating economic mechanism in agrarian and industrial complex. Authors offered measures of direct support, the improvement of the price relations, the increase of availability of the credits, the optimization of system of the taxation, the change of the concept of agro insurance, the development of indirect measures of support.
Today it is important to define not only economy of land resources, but also to establish the level of optimum land use at which the applied technology of agriculture will reach that economic return after which its updating and transition to more modern technology is required. Authors considered one of scientific approaches to the solution of a problem of optimization of expenses in agricultural land use which basis the law of the decreasing return of the earth and the theory of limit usefulness is. The solution of a problem of optimization of agricultural land use is carried out with the help of the Excel program by means of creation of the chart representing change of return of the earth depending on growth of expenses of the capital and work at cultivation of a concrete crop. Form information base for the solution of a task given to accounting reports of the agricultural organizations. The received results of optimization of agricultural land use are applicable when carrying out monitoring.
The solution of the problem of food supply in new economic conditions demands deepening of specialization on production of separate types of agricultural production and the organization of their export to those regions where consumption level doesn't meet rational standards. The major factor defining development of interregional food communications of regions is their production potential. Distinctions in specialization of regions in a certain degree form interregional food communications between them. The increase in production in specialized zones will promote the reproached import substitution of main types of the food. Considering need of process of import substitution in the long term regions with insufficient and unstable production, raw materials and the food will provide the population due to their import from other regions. In the long term the main producers and suppliers of meat and meat products on the agro food market have to be regions which are producers of grain, and also where large complexes on production of meat production for providing the population of the large cities and industrial centres are created.
Consumer cooperation is important part of social infrastructure of the village, uses the economic potential for performance of social mission. In system of consumer cooperation the network sign was traced until recently: uniform complex of wholesale and retail trade, purchase and processing of agricultural products and raw materials, vertical and horizontal economic integration, unity of price and assortment policy. In recent years the situation changed. Trade became the main activity. Consumer cooperation remains the large employer in rural areas. Except traditional kinds of activity co-operators render new services to the population: a repair and tailoring of footwear, production and repair of furniture, service of a photographer's studio, hairdressing salons, artificial insemination of cattle, plowing of personal plots, etc.
In the 2000th years in the sphere of employment in the village there was a positive trend, however, excess of the city over the village on an employment rate of the population increased. Specific weight occupied in agriculture is lost, but the agro sphere remains the main place of application of work in rural areas. It is necessary for increase of an employment rate of country people to provide in state programs of development of agriculture calculations for preservation and development of workplaces in the branches made in coordination with regional balances of manpower in rural areas and to strengthen the state support of non-agricultural business in the village.
The article summarizes the sanctions imposed against Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union member states of the global grouping of G-7, the regional formation of the European Union and European free trade area (EFTA) and the response Russian’s anti-sanctions and reactions of the Eurasian Economic Union. Author's assessment of their impact on both sides of the conflict.
In the presented article the assessment of the market of agricultural machinery in the EEU countries is given. The conclusion is drawn that the Belarusian agricultural producers were completely provided the last 5 years with tractors, generally own production. In agriculture of Russia the quantity of tractors is significantly lower than standard value. Measures of support of development of agricultural mechanical engineering and the technician - technological modernization of agriculture have short-term and separate character that opens market niches for foreign producers. It is necessary to stimulate not only agricultural producers, to modernize park of equipment, but also representatives of agricultural mechanical engineering to realize innovations in the production. Kazakhstan is an undeveloped market niche in the market of agricultural machinery.
The article considers mechanisms of state regulation on production and realization of pork in Russia and in the other world. On the basis of this analysis, several measures on improving the system of Russian state regulation, as well as additional investment, necessary to ensure growth in pig-breeding, were suggested. Support of pig-breeding has to be based on three basic principles: regulation of domestic market, state support of agrarian and industrial complex and support of export of production. It is necessary to attract about 170 billion rubbles of additional investments into branch to provide a gain of production of 1 million tons by 2018.