The share of infrastructure expenses in prime cost of the grain delivered for industrial processing on the fodder purposes and for export, makes more than 30‰ that reduces competitiveness of foodstuff made in Russia. Therefore in article the main tendencies of development of infrastructure of the market of grain and products of its processing proceeding from territorial placement of the available capacities for storage of grain of bakeries are considered. Change of economic model of the Russian grain market, connected with reorientation of import to export, revealed discrepancy of the current infrastructure and transport logistics to the growing requirements. The planned increase in volume of production of grain in Russia to 115 million tons a year will result in deficiency of elevator capacities which can make by 2020 to 17 million tons. As the main directions of development of infrastructure of the grain market construction and reconstruction of elevators and granaries, and also construction and modernization of sea and river grain terminals is provided. At realization of actions for development of infrastructure the state support in a type of subsidizing of an interest rate for the loans attracted for implementation of infrastructure projects is provided.
Presented instability dynamics of prices, yields and incomes of agricultural producers. The factors of the high volatility of the price dynamics in agriculture: the unstable dynamics of growth of gross output, due to the oscillation of the yield and market conditions. Based on the analysis of market dynamics crops identified institutions that promote economic growth: innovation development institutes and institutions acting on market conditions. Identified institutions, reducing the volatility of market conditions on the agricultural markets: the policy of creating buffer stocks; State support of prices, aimed at eliminating the seasonal volatility; the program of compensation payments, leveling profitability of production by region. Considering that the Russian agriculture is at a stage of incomplete saturation of needs for production of agriculture, it is necessary to provide active use of institutional mechanisms in Russia during the implementation period, (transitional) under the terms of the WTO.
Natural factors are unevenly distributed in time and space that fact focus it on the differentiated usage. From natural factors on efficiency of lands climatic, soil and landscape conditions have the greatest impact. Extent of influence of natural resources on productivity of agricultural work will be defined by a number of conditions: balance between resources; share of the main resources in formation of productivity of grain crops. Due to the fact that they are not optimized, we should as far as possible adapt to their cumulative impact on the grain production through the selection and development of methods of industry dealing that are in most cases match with features of the regional climatic conditions, providing a high outcome of products unit used in land and labor productivity growth in the industry. In general influence of natural and climatic conditions on grain production is expressed in fluctuations of efficiency of fields which have economic and social consequences for local and regional agricultural educations.
The research showed that farms are characterized by high efficiency in terms of adapting to changing internal and external environment, fast-tuning are to changing market conditions, provide jobs considerable part of the rural population. The SWOT analysis which is carried out in work allowed to allocate the factors constraining effective functioning of farms, and also the conditions giving opportunities for their further survival and development. In research the method of calculation of an indicator of the standardized revenue is applied to carrying out comparison of economic activity of various economy classes of farms. The standardized revenue is a rated indicator of potential volume of realization of all types of production a separate farm. The methodology for constructing the economic classification farms used actual or races-even data on economic activity farms, reflecting their versatility and ability to participate in market exchange. Thanks to realization of the state strategy, and also activity and multifunctionality of farms, there is an increase in production of agricultural production of Chelyabinsk region
In article the essence, the value and forms of energy saving in agrarian production reveals. The main idea of economy of energy consists that fuel and energy resources should be used effectively due to application of economically reasonable, technically feasible, ecologically expedient and socially acceptable measures, at the minimum changes of a habitual way of life of society and methods of managing. The competent and productive organization of consumption of energy resources is necessary for achievement of it. The author opened the main directions of economy of fuel and energy resources: organizational and economic, technological, technical, structurally - power. The market relations repeatedly aggravate a fuel and energy problem. Because of this bike a share in cost of production of agricultural production of energy consumption. Attraction of energy saving technologies and actions is urged to stimulate decrease in cost of production of agricultural production, increase of its competitiveness with other things being equal.
Agricultural producers require qualified assistance in making important decisions in their activities. Provide such assistance, including information and Advisory services, with varying degrees of success operating in different regions of the country. The main tendencies of development of such services are shown in article: proliferation, rendering services of the higher and additional professional education by institutions, reduction of number of the specialized consulting organizations, expansion of the range of the provided services, shortage of the qualified consultants, need of their professilnaldny preparation, existence of a reserve in increase in number of rendering of services. Authors proved need of research of tendencies of development of information and consulting system, search of methods of forecasting of consumption of information and consulting services, influence of development is information - consulting service on increase of economic efficiency of agricultural production, definition of the main directions of reforming, development of recommendations about realization of reform in relation to agrarian sector of the region in the conditions of orientation to import substitution, etc.
The efficiency of innovative activity in agrarian and industrial complex depends on the quality of informal institutions, their compliance with the formal institutions in transforming and evolving of the market environment. This motivates to continuous search for methods of their estimation and prediction. Some of the informal institutions have an objective basis, such as organizational culture, availability of knowledge sources, others are developing on the basis of subjective attitude to the phenomenon like a trust, a propensity for innovation activities, there are those that have a dual nature, for example the risk. The features of agricultural production influence the nature of their manifestation. The creation of valuation models using logistic regression makes it possible not only qualitatively but also quantitatively to determine the degree of influence of informal institutions on the desire of agricultural producers to participate in innovation activities. The ranking of informal institutions by their effect allows you to set the scale of the problem and to propose the interventions to address it. The problem of this research is reduced to studying of influence of some social and psychological factors on desire of agricultural producers to participate in innovative activity. For verification of the made hypotheses it was created and tested by means of a special statistical package - the Statistica program logistic model. The executed researches showed that at the existing level of organizational culture, questioned low estimate the potential in innovative area and aren't ready to be engaged in this activity as don't treat risk as to the objective phenomenon and aren't able to operate it.
In article the question of the state support, as instrument of smoothing of uncertainty is considered at adoption of the expected decision on volumes and possible economic results of production of agriculture. Communication between the level of uncertainty and level of additional financing from the budget for ensuring enterprise interest in rural economy is investigated. As object of research the agricultural organizations of the Southeast of the Nizhny Novgorod Region which were divided into 4 groups on a profit indicator for 1 rubble of investments are chosen. For studying of influence of factors on financing level the matrix of 18 pair correlations having communication with distribution of financing from the budget was constructed of the budget. The received results of research testify that the increase in level of the budgetary financing of the enterprises promotes decrease in cumulative level of uncertainty and smoothing of uncertainty at adoption of enterprise decisions. At present governing bodies more use direct methods of support. These measures are directed on concrete groups of companies. It doesn't smooth the general level of uncertainty of the enterprises of the concrete region.
Specific weight of domestic meat and meat products on 7,5 percentage points below threshold value of the Doctrine of food security. The basic producers of beef is the small-scale sector. One of ways of increase in production of beef is cooperation and integration. New forms of cooperation and integration in a meat subcomplex are necessary owing to reduction of outputs, a lack of investments and current assets both at producers of raw materials, and at processors of meat, reduction of state orders, high-risk nature of production in branch. The coordinated interaction of subjects of a meat subcomplex gives the chance to lower transaction expenses and to diversify production and risks. It is expedient to use advantages of a large and small business by their association on a number of functions. It is most economically expedient to carry out interaction of large and small business on the basis of system of subcontracts and outsourcing, economic clusters, public and private partnership. In article the organizational structure of cooperative and integration structure at sagination of cattle and production of beef is offered.
Interaction of the enterprises of the food industry with agricultural producers allows to provide a number of conditions of a sustainable development and increase of efficiency of activity. Conditions of a sustainable development and increase of efficiency of activity of JSC Combine of Foodstuff in cooperation operating conditions in branch are considered. The main of them are: reliable protection against discrimination and the unhealthy competition in the market; economy on transport expenses; introduction of own monitoring system of quality and organization of supply of capacities of processing with large parties; distribution of the income between participants of cooperation is proportional to a contribution to the enterprise. It is supposed to create the intereconomic cooperative enterprise for production, transportation, storage and realization of baker's yeast on the basis of Combine. The structure of the intereconomic cooperative enterprise along with JSC Combine of Food Products will include JSC Gorodeysky Sugar Plant and JSC Planeta vkusa. The technique of determination of resource capacity of the intereconomic cooperative enterprise is specified. Calculation of resource potential of participants of the agricultural cooperative enterprise is executed. Interaction of divisions of the intereconomic cooperative enterprise will be carried out according to authorized documents. Each participant has the right to a part of profit: JSC Combine of Foodstuff - 61‰, JSC Gorodeysky Sugar Plant - 24‰; JSC Planeta vkusa - 15‰ of total amount of the got profit.