The agrarian policy pursued in recent years poorly influences economic growth in agriculture, doesn't create conditions for ensuring forward development of agrarian production. Foreign sanctions aggravated an import substitution problem in agrarian and industrial complex and food security of the country. Level of production on a row of agricultural goods doesn't answer the principle of self-reliance with the food, thus among producers the obvious emphasis on release of noncompetitive production in the region and ignoring of economic production is observed. All this doesn't promote rational use of agrarian potential, slows down accumulation of food power of the country, and therefore demands need of association of efforts of science and authorities on improvement of public administration in the agro-industrial sphere. Methods of monographic research, the complex economic and financial analysis, economic-mathematical and econometric assessment were applied to the solution of tasks, settlement and constructive. Research is conducted with use of analytical data of summary accounting reports under agriculture of the Penza region. In this research the models of forecasting of development of agriculture which are available in science and put into practice are generalized, and also the models allowing to estimate functional dependence of results of an agrarian policy on means and methods of its realization are received. On their basis scenarios of development of agriculture are proved. Results of research are planned to be used for preparation of offers to governing bodies of agrarian and industrial complex on improvement of methods and models of the mechanism of forecasting and planning of strategic development of agricultural production. The conducted research shows that low efficiency of an agrarian policy of regions is connected with insufficient identification of factors and risks in agriculture, ways of their leveling. The contents of expected documents of strategic development of branch need further improvement. They don't allow to coordinate the mechanism of a state policy in the village, adequate to realities of agrarian economy. Therefore improvement of quality of the events held concerning agriculture is possible due to strengthening of scientific validity of the used tool base of forecasting.
The functionality extension of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives to provide financial services, groups of financial services and the analysis of their applicability in the framework of existing legislation, practical examples which show opportunities to expand financial services to the rural population have been considered in the article. It is offered to expand functionality of agricultural credit cooperatives and to allocate them de jure with the right of granting additional financial products (implementation of the translations and payments at the request of members and the associated members of cooperative, delivery of pensions, use of prepaid cash cards, rendering services in agency contracts, etc.). It will allow to increase availability of financial services as for members and the associated members of agricultural credit cooperatives, and, in general, villagers.
Independent employment assumes independent search of labor occupations and creation of workplaces by certain citizens at the expense of their own means for obtaining the constant or temporary income and satisfaction of the personal needs in self-realization. In some cases self-employment of country people becomes the only possibility of unoccupied people to resist to unemployment. In the article according to the results of 3 sociological researches (1995, 2002 and 2013) held with the same technology there are analyzed opportunities of development of self-employment in the countryside of Novosibirsk. There were studied plans of unemployed citizens in further life and their readiness for self-employment. Especially there was studied a group of unemployed citizens who would the like to set up their own business: their socio-demographic profile (age, sex, education, marital status), mobility for learning, family support, possible areas and types of individual business activities, assistance needed. Final conclusion is that it is necessary to support and help people who decided set up business in countryside.
Carrying out cluster policy and its financing in foreign countries differs in a variety of practical approaches and is characterized by lack of a certain tool kit. The experience of foreign countries (the USA, Japan, the People's Republic of China, Switzerland, India) on support of development and financial security of innovative processes in territorial clusters is investigated. The majority of financial forms of support of the clusters which developed in foreign countries are reduced to two directions: financing of costs of innovations; financing of innovative and investment projects of a cluster. In territorial clusters of foreign countries the greatest share is occupied by indirect methods of support of innovative activity, the significant role in development and financing of innovative processes of the companies is played by institutes of development. As positive Russian experience practice of cluster development in subjects of the Volga Federal District, including the Samara region and the Chuvash Republic is investigated. There is a process of formation of financial and economic mechanisms of ensuring innovative processes in territorial clusters in the Russian regions. The state uses mainly indirect measures of support in this connection as the main source of financing of projects means of the enterprises act. The strengths and weaknesses of the subjects of the Volga Federal district on creation of innovative territorial clusters are investigated. More active implementation of innovative processes requires also to increase an investment activity of the enterprises on ensuring requirements of expanded reproduction of national economy. The development of construction and information-technological territorial clusters is revealed. The partnership of the state and the enterprises in a construction cluster can be considered at implementation of joint projects of creation of engineering, transport and social infrastructure.
Article is devoted to the 150 anniversary from the date of foundation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University”. It is possible to claim that the agrarian science and agrarian education originate in Timiryazevke, the oldest and leading agrarian higher education institution of Russia. Here in 150 years the cohort of outstanding scientists, founders of the scientific and pedagogical schools, the directions and subject matters which glorified our Russian and Soviet science and education for the whole world was created. In article sources of origin of the scientific and pedagogical schools on agrarian economy concerning Petrovsky agricultural and forest academy are considered. A chronological framework of this consideration covers the temporary period from 1865 to 1917. Also researches on agrarian economy which were conducted during earlier period in the XVII-XVIII centuries are briefly noted. The important role of continuity of generations of scientists in formation scientifically - pedagogical schools, the main works and researches, the considered scientists in the field of agrarian economy is shown. It is noted that the creative heritage of many scientists isn't appreciated and not used in today's realities, and scientific researches are actual and today. Scientific heritage of economists-agrarians so significantly for contemporaries that the ideas containing in it and methodical approaches demand carrying out new researches, their critical reconsideration, active interest in persons of scientists, preparation of bibliographic materials on their creativity and heritage.
In article the happened changes in the food market of Russia after introduction of the sanctions mode by the countries of the West and countersanctions of Russia are considered: reduction of import and change of structure of suppliers, complication of credit conditions of agricultural producers, extent of filling with a domestic production of the arisen commodity niches, differentiation in development of separate branches, decrease in level of consumption of food by the population, growth of food inflation. The period January-July 2015 by 2014 and 2014 by 2013 were chosen as the period of research. It is noted that in connection with inertness of the agrofood sector of economy not capable to sharp structural changes and rapid growth, existence of long-term consistent and clear policy is necessary for its sustainable development. The period of embargo will be obviously insufficiently for the radical modernization of agro-industrial complex, sharp development existing and creation of absolutely new capacities and even branches. Headed for import substitution has to provide the state measures which will allow not to reduce rates of development of agro-industrial complex in case of cancellation of embargo and strengthening of ruble exchange rate. In case of cancellation of all sanctions and countersanctions Russia will return to need of performance of conditions of the WTO therefore the state support by measures of "a yellow basket" will be reduced.
Change of socio-political conditions causes need of development of new approaches and models of management of agrarian and industrial complex at the mesolevel. At the mesolevel processes of modernization of management, effective distribution of functions and powers, and also high-quality staffing in a control system of agrarian and industrial complex are carried out. Regional bodies in many respects lost controllability by economic processes in connection with disappearance of a number of functions of regulation by agrarian economy, administrative levers of influence are limited, there are no concrete steps on the organization of administrative work during the crisis period. The control system of agrarian and industrial complex on a medium-term and long-term outlook has to be directed on an innovative and investment way of development. It is necessary to provide creation of a vertical of the public and economic administration in agrarian and industrial complex. The main objectives of a control system of agrarian and industrial complex at the mesolevel in the short-term period are: ensuring scientific and technical progress; carrying out agrarian and land transformations; management of federal property; strengthening of the state participation in the agrarian and industrial complex sphere.
From the point of view of economic and social efficiency of the most expedient and the model of management of the rural territory which is based on the principle of "a primacy of a community" its cornerstone is preferable the following scientific situation is: "the self-government institutions of the settlement have to bear responsibility for everything that occurs in the supervised territory". It is expedient to classify local functions by a substantial sign, having divided into 4 groups aimed at the development of economy; development of the social sphere; development of the personality; protection of the personality. The author offered the list of indicators of an assessment of efficiency of activity of authorities of the rural settlement developed taking into account these blocks. In the activity of local government it is necessary to be guided by the qualitative solution of problems of the population living in the subordinated territory. In this regard the assessment of efficiency of local governments has to be based on opinion of the population, but not government bodies of the power.
In terms of reforming the agriculture of the country fundamentally changes the approach to ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural producers. Rendering full assistance to the sector increases the competitiveness of this industry, the appearance of additional resources that create relevant part of the demand for factors of production, increases the attractiveness of the sector for credit, investment and other institutions. The purposes of implementation of actions for development of production of dairy products is ensuring import substitution and increase of level of consumption of dairy products for the account increase in production of whole-milk production, butter and cheese from own raw material resources, and also increase in use of whey at the food purposes. Public-private partnership to increase milk production and the regulation of its market contributed to reduction of production and financial risks and support the stability of the situation on the dairy market. However, the problem on ur-regulation of the market remain not fully resolved. So, with increasing milk production immediately reduced the purchase price, and all the income from the additional milk produced is redistributed to pererab around and trading enterprises. Agricultural producers in such conditions there are no funds not only for expanded-tion of reproduction on the basis of innovation, but even for simple reproduction. To solve these problems through the development of such forms of state-private partnership as a the creation in each region dairy cluster.
The article considers the peculiarities of pricing on meat products in a planned and market economy, there are advantages and disadvantages. In modern conditions of purchase prices of raw meat do not cover production costs, especially in beef cattle, where the return on investment does not exceed 83‰. Existing correlation between the prices of the producers, processors and sellers appeared in the conditions of a planned economy and were exacerbated in market conditions. It is possible to draw a conclusion on unbalance of economic interests of partner suppliers. In the pre-reform period, the government used a special price mechanism, allowing to regulate the relations of producers and processors of raw meat. On the basis of the analysis of prices and cost of production of meat products for 2000-2012, proposes measures to resolve the existing contradictions between the partners in meat production subcomplex. The developed price disproportion between the prices of forages and the prices the live mass of cattle can be solved gradually, in process of elimination of the main price disproportion of a meat subcomplex of agrarian and industrial complex - between the prices of the processed meat and meat raw materials.