There is a brief description of the state of dairy cattle breeding in Krasnoyarsk region. The system of measures of the state support of agriculture isn't perfect therefore undergoes continuous changes. The variety of measures of support promotes reduction of volume of direct subsidizing that complicates objectivity of an assessment of level of subsidizing, leads to increase in document flow, and lack of restrictions leads to absence of control of granting and use of budgetary funds. The support measures for agriculture are classified by two signs: on impact on the object of subsidizing and on the nature of participation in production process. It is proposed to amalgamate measures of state support of milk production, by combining the following budget appropriations in the amount of unified support: subsidies for co-financing of expenditure obligations of constituent entities of the Russian Federation related to the reimbursement of part of expenses of agricultural producers per 1 litre (kg) of sold commodity milk; subsidies to support livestock breeding subsidies for livestock products; subsidies to support the delivery of seeds for cultivation of fodder crops in the far North and equivalent areas, including crop production on low-yielding lands; grants to co-finance expenditure obligations of constituent entities of the Russian Federation related to compensation of interest on short-term credits (loans) on the development, processing and sales of products. Systematically-planned support in turn will provide more efficient use of subsidies and development of branch of dairy cattle breeding.
The identification of reserves of increase of production efficiency is obviously important both for the producer, and for the consumer of vegetable production. The level of efficiency of domestic vegetable production determines the possibilities of self-sufficiency of the population with food, which seems relevant due to imposed economic sanctions and reduction of the supply of the domestic market of the imported vegetable products. The article presents the analysis of the current level of efficiency of vegetable production, as an economic sector in the context of Federal districts, regions and republics, as well as the magnitude of the current producers. The main tendencies in modern domestic vegetable production in General were identified and based on a detailed study of the statistical materials, reporting and documentation of agricultural producers in several regions of the Russian Federation. A study of the cost structure allowed us to determine the re-serves to reduce costs associated directly with the production and promotion of vegetable production to the market. The reserves of growth of efficiency of production of vegetable products and possible directions of development were revealed and formulated on the basis of the results of the study. The scale of production, effective and affordable measures of the state support, technical and technological reequipment of production, which are generally allowed to supply the market with domestic products qualitatively and quantitatively meet the needs of the domestic market are the important ways in improving the efficiency of production.
The low appeal of agriculture for manpower is one of basic unresolved tasks which don't allow reaching expanded reproduction in agriculture. In research we carried out economic and statistical analysis of wages in agriculture, including a research of a level and stratification of wages in the industry, the study of the variability of the main trends in labour market indicators. In the process, the authors developed the method typification of the regions on the level of wages in agriculture and the method of forecasting the average wage in the industry, the dignity which is the reconciliation of wages with the most important indicator of the effectiveness of human capital - labour productivity. Expected indicators are received: at labour productivity level of the worker of 764 thousand roubles the average level of a salary in agriculture in 2016 will make from 17870 to 22176 rub. Typification of regions has revealed essential distinctions in compensation level on territorial units. The average monthly nominal salary in agriculture in general across the Russian Federation in 2014 in comparison with 2013 has increased by 12,5‰, at simultaneous growth of the indicator of a salary by 13,2‰ and decrease by 1‰ because of deterioration in structure. The offered statistical methods of an assessment of a salary in agriculture will allow to receive as a result of the analysis reliable conclusions about her level and differentiation, and also to establish the reasons of low "labour" appeal of branch.
Placement and specialization of production of croups are caused by connection of farming with an environment, by needs to take into account their features at placement of agricultural production. Levels of specialization on croup’s production, placement of rice and buckwheat on federal districts and regions, grouping of the Russian regions on the proportion of croups are carried out in article. The leading producer of rice in the country is Krasnodar Krai which has optimum climatic conditions for its production, has the highest productivity of rice - 61.8 c/hectare. The production of buckwheat is concentrated in Altai Krai - 44.6‰ of the sowing areas and 44.9‰ of her gross collecting. Grouping of regions on the proportion of a buckwheat in grain crops in 2011-2015 has shown that many of them have insignificant acreage, aren't engaged in specialized production, as a result have the low level of productivity, receive grain of a buckwheat of poor quality, have low marketability of production that, eventually, is reflected in financial and economic results of their activity.
The paper covers modern trends in the field of the world production, crush, domestic consumption, external trade, ending stocks of oilseeds and other oil-bearing raw material, vegetable oils, meals and cakes under the influence of various natural and economic factors. The Russia’s influence over the world market of oilseeds and vegetable oils including various types of products is revealed. Closer attention is paid to the development of related courses in the world market of oil crops and derived products including the market situation in transgenic oil crops, organic oil crops and processed organic oil products and bio fuel (biodiesel) as well. Russia has the essential potential for satisfaction of internal requirements and occupation of more considerable niche in international trade system. Production of oil-bearing crops in Russia is very effective, and in the world market Russia gradually increases scales of the presence. At the same time the country remains the pure importer by some types of production (for example, on sunflower seeds, soybeans, soy meal, some types of vegetable oil), very poorly doesn't develop production and realization of organic production and bio fuel at all, actually being a large consumer of the transgenic products which are directly received on import, or, for example, in the form of meat production by which production gene-modified forages were used.
India takes the third place in the world on production of agricultural production and has the biggest area in the world of the irrigated lands. In the country the system of a private property on the earth is developed, and further development of agriculture is at a loss private interest of large landowners land owners. The land in India is an object of the state control, and in each state there are features of the rights for rent. The main objectives of land reform in India after the achievement of independence were: a) the struggle with poverty; b) cancellation of the mediation in land transactions; c) land lease reform; d) ensuring the transparency of land transactions; e) redistribution of public land reserve; f) increasing the area of cultivated land. For more than 60 years of reform most of the tasks has not been solved. The main success of Indian land policy lies in the evolution of mediator institutions in land transactions, computerization of all land services and land renters. In the result of the land reform three tasks were not solved: cancellation of big landowner's properties; cancellation of land sales limits; liberalization of leasing laws. Main articles of new Acquisition Act were analyzed. The most criticized topic in this Acquisition Act is the rule that about 80‰ of landowners agree for the land acquisition. The new law has increased payments and compensations for seizure of land and has introduced restrictions for withdrawal of the irrigated agricultural land. The law can concern directly 132 million hectares of farmlands, and about 100 million land owners
In article the analysis of import of meat of cattle, pork and poultry meat in the conditions of sanctions is given. Much attention is paid to geography of suppliers of this production, and also the changes in price, influence of an exchange rate on volumes of deliveries of meat of cattle, pork and fowl. It should be noted essential decrease in volume of import of meat, the import substitution tendency has proceeded. However the tendency of decrease in a number of cattle in 2015 didn't manage to be overcome. In 2015 there were considerable changes in geography of suppliers of meat: Brazil (49.3‰) became the main supplier of meat of cattle, deliveries from Belarus have increased. Due to change of suppliers the cost of 1 t of meat of cattle imported in 2015 has decreased to 3,45 thousand dollars of the USA, the cost of 1 t of the imported f poultry meat and by-products increased for 10,6‰. Dependence of influence of volume of import on fluctuations of an exchange rate on a basis of selection of import of meat on months for 2012-2015 is investigated. In comparison with meat of cattle on pork and poultry meat higher dependence on exchange rate takes place, there are fluctuations by years. For reduction of import of meat and meat products in the Russian Federation it is necessary to direct first of all efforts to strengthening of food supply of animal husbandry.
Due to anniversary of Shatilovsky experimental station the main historical milestones of her development are presented in article, achievements are shown, the main perspective directions of development are considered. Activity of station is connected with names of the famous scientists A. N. Lebedyantsev and P.I.Lisitsyn. Hundreds of grades and hybrids of various grain crops are removed and checked, tens of high-quality scientists and experts are prepared, and the set of scientific works is published by staff of experimental station within 120 years of activity. Today on the fields for experiences of station the unique grades of soy, buckwheat created by FGBNU «The All-Russian research institute of legumes and groat crops» pass tests. The annual agrarian forum "Shatilovo" became one of important branch actions of Russia.
Reveals the role of agriculture in the economy of the country, are revealed «narrow» places in his development and present proposals for overcoming them. There are numerous chronic paradoxes in development of agriculture, which aggravate his difficult situation connected, first of all, with reliable providing the country with agricultural production, raw materials and the food of a domestic production. Considered the questions that must be addressed to the state, to impart agriculture accelerated development for food supply of the population, of creating the necessary conditions for ability to live the rural population, for what will develop and adopt a new national agrarian policy, which should become a long-term an instrument of state support for agriculture. The new agrarian policy should be not only maximum flexibility, take full account of the concrete situation, but is calculated on the decision of large-scale economic, organizational, social and scientific and technical problems of development of agriculture, based on the needs and objective possibilities of the country. She should have a complex character and build upon a sufficient financing, full and stable legislative framework. Only under such conditions of Agrarian Policy will cease to be defective, will turn into a consolidating and powerful factor in strengthening the state, of increasing its prestige in the world. In the conditions of insufficient state support of agriculture, poorly controlled agro food market the developed disproportions in branch are so big that without the large-scale help from the state independently the branch is incapable them to overcome even using the internal resources and reserves.
The existing fragmentation of infrastructure system of the agro-food complex, not sufficiently high effective demand for innovation from manufacturer of agricultural products, low innovation potential significantly limit innovative activity of the economic entities of the agrarian sphere of the Far East region. Transformation agro-food complex of the Far East to an innovative way of development objectively determines the inventory activation of innovative processes and ensure the effective management of innovation development as a single complex of interrelated economic processes, uniting all subjects of innovative activity ensuring continuity of all stages of the innovation process: from the generation of the idea to introduction of a new product on the market. A pronounced zonation of agro-food complex of the Far East region requires the differentiation of strategies of innovation development as separate industries of agricultural production as separate territorial entities in accordance with the specific conditions of their functioning. Based on the level of agricultural complex development of the Far East region, its innovation potential, high degree of differentiation of the territories according to the terms of reference of agricultural production as priority trends of activisation of innovation processes: stimulation of innovative activity, building innovation capabilities of manufacturers and consumers of innovations, development of infrastructure of innovation system are offered to allocate. There are the main objectives of development of innovative infrastructure of agrarian and industrial complex of the Far East: ensuring interaction of producers and consumers of innovations, studying of demand for innovations and informing agricultural producers on the offer of innovative developments, formation of agrotechnopark structures and systems of maintenance of innovations, improvement of quality of staffing of innovative activity, development of system of insurance of innovative risks.