In article problems of innovative development of the Russian agrarian and industrial complex on the example of sub industry of crop production are considered, value of the state innovative policy as major factor of efficiency of functioning of an industry is shown. The modern provision of sub industry of crop production can be characterized as a stage of borrowing of innovations. Agricultural production of Russia will be left high spending without use of biotechnological innovations and to lose in competitiveness to the leading western powers. At the same time it is necessary to strengthen control over production, turnover and movement of the gene engineering modified plants, animals and microorganisms in the territory of the Russian Federation. The state support of development of selection and seed farming, forming of effective network of the selection and seed-growing and genetic centres, import substitution of highly productive grades and hybrids of field cultures are especially important. The increase in innovative activity of agricultural producers in crop production and demand for innovations from business are the main tasks of today. Forming of technological platforms and regional clusters will be the main organizational forms of this partnership.
Production of rice has the laws of development and inherent only to it factors of increase in efficiency. It is possible to carry the factor connected with use of biological processes of growth, development and producing plants to the main of them, technical and technological. The listed factors belong to system of farming which represents set of the economic, organizational and technological principles of rational creation and conducting production for specific conditions for the purpose of profit earning through production and implementation of consumer costs and a requirements satisfaction of people in food, and the industries in agricultural raw materials. Crucial importance has the resource capacity of economy, i.e. a quantitative and high-quality condition of material, labour and land resources. Among economic factors an important role is played: the rural social infrastructure, living conditions and motivation of work, general agrarian and financial and investment state policy. Scientific and technical factors are, first of all, implementation of progressive production technologies, storages and conversions of products, and also development of agro service and enhancement of structure of agro-industrial complex.
In article the market situation of oil-bearing crops, structure of production of vegetable oils, export and import is considered. The condition of production of oil-bearing crops, tendencies of development of industries of an oil and fat sub complex is analyzed. Changes in amounts and structure of production of seeds of oil-bearing crops were caused by increasing demand for them and receipt of the maximum profit on their implementation. To 85.3‰ of need for vegetable oils in case of consumption per capita 13.8 kg are satisfied due to own production. Reorientation of flows of commodities of seeds of oil-bearing crops to the foreign market was promoted by emergence in the domestic market of large wholesale and trade structures and the multi-national American company "Cargill", forming of large domestic agro-industrial holdings. For development of production of competitive types of oil products there are huge potential opportunities due to involvement in turnover of the removed and not used lands of agricultural purpose, development of new lands in more northern and east areas the double surplus of their area to the level of 2014 is possible. At the same time the structure of crops of oil-bearing crops due to decrease in a share of sunflower (from 61.7‰ to 29.3‰), preserving at the level of 17.0‰ of a share of soy, bringing to the same level of colza and essential increase in a share of a saffron milk cap, mustard and flax changes. Questions of planning, forecasting and coordination of activities of all its participants are important for steady and pro rata functioning of an oil and fat sub complex.
The current situation in the oil market and the reduction of prices demonstrate needs of cost reduction and bio fuel production, and also using of alternative energy sources. For the purpose of providing a global energy and ecological safety the world community makes active attempts to reduce dependence of power on fossil fuel. In article the current state in the market of alternative energy sources is analysed, and also the prospects of market development of bio fuel in Russia and uses of colza as raw materials for bio fuel are considered. As the leader of alternative energy sources in the world market bio fuel which in a total amount of the used motor fuel occupies in Brazil more than 20‰, the USA and EU countries - more than 4‰ acts. It is important to Russia to take the place in emerging market of bio fuel. The choice of raw materials and technologies seriously influences extent of impact of bio fuel production on food security. The most optimum raw materials for bio fuel production in the Russian Federation are oil crops, especially colza. In Russia there is a possibility of increase in the areas under colza in the medium term to 2.5 million hectares, and further to 5 million hectares and more.
In the conditions of economic downturn, reduction of the income of the population, reducing production volumes of meat products the prices not only of raw materials, but also of the non-oil components received on export grow. Therefore the choice of priorities and development of price strategy of sale of finished goods is necessary for the meat-processing entities. For reduction of production costs and sale of meat products it is necessary to enhance the mechanism of impact of purchase prices on improvement of quality of meat, to strengthen differentiation of parameters of quality and the prices depending on extent of conversion and the directions use of meat. When calculating it is necessary to include standard costs for all production cycle of receipt of finished goods (production, conversion, implementation) taking into account movement of the prices of material resources and services in the guaranteed target meat price and meat products, changes of credit and tax policy, to consider the average level of the salary, and the profit margin required for expanded reproduction. Integrated and system approach to pricing in an industry can provide competitiveness of meat and meat products in Russia.
Evaluation methods of social and economic heterogeneity and depth of disintegration tendencies in economic space of the Russian Federation are generalized and considered. The directions are determined and the organizational and economic mechanism of an intensification of an interregional cooperation and strengthening of integration of economies of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is offered. In recent years in economic life of Russia the tendency to reducing commercial ties and barter between macro regions and regions of the country was designated. Identification and studying of this tendency, according to authors, are possible on the basis of the analysis of long-term trends of such economic indicators as the level of economic familiarity of the territory, coefficient of narrowness of interregional commodity interaction, coefficient of economic openness of regions and some others. These and author's calculations given in article show that gaps in the level of social and economic development of regions of the country increase and reached dangerous line, value of an interregional goods turnover in GDP decreased, the level of economic openness of economies of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation differs in tens of times, institutes of an intensification of economic development are almost completely concentrated in the European part of the country, uncontrollable migration leads to depopulation of the Far East, concentration of investment resources in Moscow and several megalopolises on a geographical axis the West-East interferes with development of the adjacent extensive territories. Real ways of overcoming these dangerous tendencies in the political and social plan are creation of system of strategic planning of interregional integration, development of high-technology infrastructure of implementation of interregional commercial ties, forming at the level of macro regions and regions of the Russian Federation of the state and public institutes of coordination of interregional communications and economic integration.
The basis of the cooperative structure in the agricultural sector, as a system of organizational-economic and socio-economic relations of a certain type of industrial cooperation, as its main business entities focused production potential of cooperative systems - land, labour, material and technical means of production. Destructive processes in the development of agricultural production co-operation, which began in 2002 and continuing to the present, explained by many reasons, among which the imperfection of the organizational-economic mechanism of functioning of a large part of cooperatives and a very limited application of models effective APK in connection with their not elaborate. The article describes the methodological approaches and on that basis proposed practical solutions for the development and application of the organizational-economic mechanism of functioning of industrial cooperation in the agricultural sector. In this regard, the article proposed performance criteria APK (economic growth, competitiveness and solvency) and on the basis carrying out groups of cooperatives of a number of regions of Russian Federation justified the parameters of the system of indicators to classify cooperatives to effective and ineffective, conducted an analysis of their activities, are developed and offered to implement organizational -economic models of efficient agricultural production cooperatives. Calculations are made with reference to specific unprofitable and have different levels of profitability APK, confirm the high impact of the development of these models: the average annual increase rate of economic growth and account for at least 5-7‰ return on the additional costs of increasing the resource supply is two-three years. The development of effective models of agricultural production cooperatives provides a significant increase in the efficiency of economic entities of industrial cooperation.
The assessment of a paradigm of reforms of economy and the innovative sphere is given in article. Operating conditions of agriculture and science, caused decline in production, deindustrialization, decrease in level of use by practice of achievements of NTP, deterioration in a social status of peasants are shown. The reasons of low level of innovative activity are defined. Problems of formation of innovative processes in the conditions of globalization are considered. On the basis of researches the mechanism and conditions of development and realization of resource innovative model of development of agriculture in the interconnection with branches of agrarian and industrial complex directed to wide use of achievements of science and the best practices, a production intensification, the solution of problems of import substitution is reasonable. The need of correction of the “State program of development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural production, raw materials and food for 2013-2020” and development of new normative documents on activization of innovative processes, their impacts on ensuring competitiveness, growth of efficiency of agrarian sector of economy in new operating conditions of domestic and world economy are proved.
The development of the agricultural machinery’s market is a key element of the organizational and economic mechanism of technical modernization of agrarian and industrial complex. In article prospects of technical and technological modernization of agriculture of the Oryol region within realization of the “State program of development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural production, raw materials and the food for 2013-2020” are proved. Offers on improvement of the mechanism of the state stimulation of technical modernization are given. The need of development of the strategic document of the regional level proving the directions of innovative development of agriculture on the basis of technical and technological modernization is proved. There will be used quantitative indicators (outputs and sales of agricultural machineries, a share of the market, a quantity of new models and new market segments) and qualitative indicators (age structure of park of equipment in agriculture, a share of Russian equipment).
The article discusses organizational and economic aspects of forming of market of scientific-technical products and the problems of using the results of agricultural science in the Russian Federation. The current stage of development of the world economy demonstrates that only an innovative way is a guarantee of sustainable economic growth. In the new economic conditions is important to effective management of the results of scientific and technological activities in agricultural science, as the transformation of new knowledge into the real production force, for the effective development of the agricultural sector in particular and the entire economy of the country. Further formation of the market of scientific and technical products of agro-industrial complex of Russia will happen within the Eurasian economic union. The basic principles of formation of the market of scientific and technical products are commercialization and using of results of agrarian science, an increase in costs of science and innovations, a stimulation and the state support of use of domestic inventions and their introduction, an increase in innovative potential, an increase of competitiveness of economy.