Dairy cattle deepens its differentiation in the rates of development according to the territorial and subject-economic criteria. Investment activity in dairy farming in many regions that have comparative advantages of milk production is decreasing due to imperfect forms of state support. The priority order of state support for large-scale «green field» projects for two, three or more thousand cows leads to a discrepancy in the volumes of support received by regions for objective factors in the development of agricultural sectors. Correspondence of the levels of specialization, size and intensity of production to specific economic conditions, implementationof innovative technologies are necessary for the realization of comparative advantages, increasing efficiency of milk production.Farms in regions with high agrobiological potential are able to produce roughage and concentrated feeds with low direct costs. The ability to use in animal ration their own grain wastes, by-products of processing crop plants further reduces the cost of production, especially the rearing of cattle for fattening. Dairy cattle in multi-product farms has positive externalities for the crop business, improving the crop rotation structure, reducing the costs of fertilizers and plant protection products. In regions of the Non-Chernozem Zone independent specialized breeding farms demonstrate high efficiency. They reach a high level of dairy productivity, actively implement innovative technologies, maximize the advantages of low alternative cost of agricultural land. Correction forms of state support for investments can increase the sustainability of dairy farming. Consideration, as key criteria for selecting supported project "increase in livestock and increase in milk production" indicators leads to the fact that the bulk of support is allocated in favor of the construction of new complexes by large agricultural holdings in regions with high rental potential. The change in the macroeconomic and market situation, the expansion of the possibilities of innovative technologies in dairy farming and fodder production raise the urgency of priority support for the stage-by-stage modernization of existing independent, medium-sized producers capable of ensuring competitiveness and sustainable development of the industry almost in all regions of Russia.
Market relations changed the conditions of production and sales of milk and dairy products. Milk producers are not always able to sell their products at prices that would cover their costs and created the opportunity to conduct the expanded reproduction. The index of prices for industrial goods and services purchased by agricultural organizations, exceeds the price index for milk and dairy products. On the market increases the proportion of defective products, and measures to monitor its quality began to wane. So, in 2016 about 7‰ produced in Russia of dairy products is recognized as a counterfeit. The stagnation in milk production, the continued dependence on imports and low investment activity led to the establishment of norms of consumption of milk and dairy products in 2016 in the amount of 325 kg/person/year, while the previously existing norm 320-340. In these circumstances, the necessary science-based state support of the market of milk and dairy products, their quality. This is possible only under condition of improvement of the system of state support, standardization and certification of products, associations of market participants in industry associations.
The article presents a transport model of grain transportation between the Russian regions. Grain export transportation from suppliers regions to Russian seaports are also considered in transport model. There are discussed the grain annual transportation by railway, having unified tariffs for grain transportation between Russian regions. Model calculations are performed on 2016 year statistics. The following sea ports: Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Taganrog and Vladivostok are used for compiling grain transportation routing. Grain surpluses and deficits indicators in the Russian regions are the input to transport model and are collected from the resources and grain use 2016 year balance. Russian seaport annual capacity for grain transshipment and tariffs for grain transportation between Russian regions are also input to transport model. As a software tool transport model uses the classic transportation task and is implemented in program LPSOLVE. Transport model calculation results can be used for grain and transport companies, to provide an effective grain routes as in consumers regions and for export. Russian seaport annual opportunities for grain transshipment are treated in transport model as grain shortages in the city associated with the port and are added to the grain shortages list of grain recipients regions.
The relevance of the research topic based on the absence of unified methods of research of a condition of rural territories as a tool for the formation of target programs of development. The problem is the need to improve analytical and forecasting support to the processes of management of development of rural territories is solved by the authors by establishing factors of sustainable development of rural territories, development of assessment methods based on the calculation of multi-component indicator of the condition of rural areas is intended to define the vector of socio-economic development and implementation of modeling processes of rural development in conjunction with the dynamic changes of the agricultural sector. In this study we used the following methods - monographic, economic-statistical, comparative analysis, expert assessments, economic-mathematical modeling, based on modern computer technology. The results of economic-mathematical modeling applicable to the analysis of the processes of rural development, and with the help of simulation it is possible to perform predictive monitoring in the development and formation of target programs of sustainable development of rural areas.
The article’s purpose is a development of recommendations about use of network forms for development of export of production of domestic agrarian and industrial complex. The article contains a description of several forms of networking cooperation between agricultural companies, logistic operators and the state that can be used in order to increase export of agricultural products. These forms include: cooperatives, public-private partnership, strategic alliance and outsourcing. Main ways of implementation of networking cooperation for increase of export are demonstrated. Possible models of organization and functioning of networking partnerships are described. The result of the paper is the demonstration of possibility of implementation of networking cooperation in the field of export despite the domination of vertically integrated companies in Russian agro-industrial complex. It is also recommended to use such forms of networking cooperation as strategic alliances and outsourcing which are atypical for the agro-industrial complex. The role of network cooperation consists in combination of efforts of the independent enterprises for formation of transport and logistic infrastructure, necessary for export, and advance of domestic production in the foreign markets.
The analysis of a state is made and the main directions of development of agricultural cooperation, its value for stable development of agro-industrial complex, strengthening of rural economics, certain regions and the country in general are revealed. The role, value and need for modern conditions of creation of pilot projects of agricultural cooperation are defined. The new directions and the principles of the state support of pilot projects of agricultural cooperatives are offered. Authors give special attention to creation of regional cooperatives in the difficult depressive Areas of Non-Black Earth Region. In development of cooperation it is necessary on the one hand, an integrated approach of the federal authorities, with another - the differentiated approach to each region, to each area and the settlement taking into account features of development. It is offered to increase the state support of development of agricultural cooperation by allocation of the long-term interest-free credits directly to member shareholders of cooperatives.
New conceptual approach to formation of the human capital in rural areas is considered. Approach to human development as opportunities for all and everyone demands reforms of global management of this process at all levels. At the same time the main emphasis is accented not on development of economic wealth, and on richness of human lives. The concept of social progress is considered and the index of the countries of the world, proceeding from this indicator is submitted. Misses in development of social system of support of human development in the village bear big risks not only for national economy, but also for its food security. The most important components of quality of life of country people are studied. Results of the All-Russian agricultural census of 2006 and 2016 show inefficiency of state policy on fixing of youth for work in rural areas. Sociological polls show paradoxical distinction of social well-being of residents of the capital and the provincial population. The conclusion is drawn on existence of asymmetry in standards of life of country people in the territory of Russia that influences quality of the human capital. The package of measures for development of the human capital is given in rural territories. There were distinguished the main objectives: providing residents of the rural areas with a new modern education system; a formation of the cultural environment; an innovative integration of the cities in the region and rural settlements. The regional authorities have an opportunity to start locomotive projects which more are based on organizational and administrative solutions and synergetic effects of association of various economic subjects in uniform organizational, economic model.
Since 2017 state support of agricultural producers has been carried out on the basis of “consolidated” subsidy. The subsidy aims at reaching target programme indicators taking into account priorities of agricultural development. This process resulted in changes in providing and distribution of subsidies from federal budget. The criteria of “consolidated” subsidy distribution are considered to be as follows: the part of the region in total amount of subsidy is calculated by means of parameters characterizing its role in national parameters of agricultural production. Distribution of subsidies among the regions of Russia would be carried out in 2017-2018 on conditions of co-financing. The improvement of state support mechanism for agricultural production aims at rapid management of finance distribution taking into account current situation in agriculture and reducing of inter-budget transfers. The size of a «consolidated» subsidy will increase in the Novosibirsk region, in general state support of agrarian and industrial complex in Siberian Federal District will decrease by 5.7‰.
Development of meat cattle breeding including by means of granting subsidies is one of the priority directions of development of agriculture of Russia. Especially relevant now development of subsidizing by means of increase in its efficiency as mechanism that is connected with consolidation of the directions of subsidizing in agriculture and constant growth of their volumes. A research objective is development of the methodical recommendations allowing to increase efficiency of subsidizing. The correlation analysis, a comparison method, economic-mathematical and statistical methods were applied to carrying out the analysis. Results of a research have shown that when granting subsidies economic features of agriculture aren't considered; the difference in the rank of subjects when determining limit of financing doesn't reflect a gap in levels of settlement fiscal capacity; lack of noticeable changes in the outputs at obvious increase in means of the state support. It allows to draw a conclusion on inefficiency of expenditure of budgetary funds. Control at the federal level of providing the authentic reporting is insufficient; responsibility for non-performance of conditions of granting and obligations is insufficiently defined; the probability of corruption risks is high. Conditions of granting budgetary funds can be determined by various indicators between which there is no fixed communication that leads to an imbalance between support of the producers and the organizations which are engaged in processing of production.
Amortization policy is an incentive for investment growth. Formal approach is the problem for Russia. There are no effective mechanisms. There is no single approach to the notion of "depreciation policy". In the article, amortization policy as an instrument for activating investment processes in the real sector of the economy by increasing the size of its own sources is presented. The main role is the depreciation. Low specific gravity of capital investments in agriculture - 4.17‰ is observed. This shows the presence of a problem. The depreciation in the unit weight of costs at the regional level is extremely low, 6.83‰. Growth of expenses for maintenance of fixed assets occurs. International experience attests to the importance of amortization policy for improving the technical and technological level of agricultural modernization. A number of measures on macro, meso- and microlevels in the article are proposed. Regulatory, legislative and methodological support are finalized. Compliance with accounting and tax accounting should be ensured on the basis of provisions of international standards. The formation of the initial cost, the economic justification for choosing the depreciation method, the introduction of revaluation of fixed assets, the development of coefficients for accelerated formation of reproduction sources and their intended use should pay attention.