In the article it was presented the results of the study of family farms development in Russia, both at the stage of their formation, and in current socio-economic and institutional environment (on the example of the Kurgan region). Positive dynamics in their size and performance results observed during the first years of their establishment and development was explained by active government and public support for this form of agricultural production. As a major obstacle to the successful functioning of these units are represented, firstly, the high transaction costs of their establishment and continued functioning, secondly, unequal competitive opportunities with counteragents on agricultural markets, thirdly, numerous institutions, established around farming (especially informal). With regard to family farms of Kurgan region, reducing their population, on the one hand, and the insignificant contribution to the total volume of agricultural production in the region, on the other, of course, does not diminish the high importance of farming in the development of rural territories and agricultural sector. Prospects for the development of family farms in the Kurgan region relate primarily to the agricultural cooperation, the improvement of farm’s internal structure, state support of this phenomenon. The positive experience of farming in the past twenty-five years, marked in the work, confirms the growth potential of their contribution to the economy of agriculture and region as a whole.
The article considers the contradictions between the growth of gross production in agriculture and the growth in per capita consumption of food in Russia. The unilateral policy of regulation of an environment through the state support of production in Russia is insufficiently effective. The following features of demand for food in modern Russia are marked out: the slowed-down growth, in comparison with growth of the offer: the wrong structure of food at 80‰ of the Russian population; at 30‰ - the caloric content of a diet is less than necessary day norm; at 10‰ - the caloric content of a diet is at the level of the compelled starvation. To mitigate existing failures in the market institutional environment of the agrarian sector, changes are proposed in the regulation of the agro-food market (building demand support institutions among low-income citizens and expanding demand among certain groups of the Russian population). The main task, which the institutes are called upon to address, is to ensure the balancing of supply and demand in the agro-food market not through a recession in production and supply reduction, but by increasing demand to supply level and higher. The target direction of income on expansion of demand in the agrofood market will promote support not only consumers, but also domestic manufacturers of food.
An important condition for further development of Russian agriculture is to increase the prestige of agricultural labor. Job satisfaction, passion to date is clearly insufficient, due to the low level of wages, many socio-psychological factors. The average monthly salary of workers of agriculture makes 15,1 thousand rubles that, in comparison with the average Russian level, a little more than 50‰ - are unacceptably low though, by the number of hours worked on average on one worker, branch is in the first place: 1847 hours. Therefore it is necessary to increase the wages of agricultural workers, their expertise, to improve the structure of funds spent on incentives. Both the state, and society should put a lot of effort for restoration of healthy labor morals, for return of concepts of morality and healthy relationship, for an environment of the person of work by respect and honor.
The problem of relationships between technical service partners is part of the General problems of property relations in the actual conditions of production activities at the stage of exchange. In a market economy, the exchange of the results of the work of independent producers is subject to corresponding requirements. The main requirement is the equivalency of the exchange. For the issues considered in the study, where the goods are machines and services, there is a range of problems associated with the evaluation of goods in the exchange. Currently, numerous innovative technologies and efficient equipment have been developed to perform the most complex and time-consuming work on maintenance and repair of equipment, while the lack of a unified approach to the organization of interaction of participants of technical service, inhibits the introduction of advanced methods in practical activities to improve the performance of agricultural machinery during the life cycle. Of particular importance is the process of social production in a continuous relationship with the constant resumption of all production stages, which suggests the need for attention to the reproduction processes in modern conditions.
The assessment of the land plots as real estate objects is a key problem in real estate assessment methodology. The article is devoted to one of the most important problems of market economy - the assessment of a state, dynamics and prospects of development of the market of agricultural lands and a registration in property. The reasons, features and consequences of necessary registration of the property rights by domestic agricultural producers and influence on economic efficiency of agrobusiness, cost of land grounds in indissoluble communication with ecology are revealed. The attention to the property and economic relations in agrarian and industrial complex is paid. Not readiness of standard and legal and methodical base in general reduces reliability of evaluating market value of the land plots as a part of a property complex of agrarian and industrial complex. The appropriate measures on protection of high-intensity production on lands of agricultural purpose and the ban of the unreasonable transfer of lands to other appointment have to be taken. Appraisers of the real estate for increase in reliability of the calculations and improvement of quality of the activity need to seize methods of definition of the ecological factors influencing real estate cost. To suspend reduction of agricultural lands and acreage it is necessary to consider compensation of a conclusion of lands which has to be followed by more intensive use of the remained lands.
The features and factors influencing efficiency of use of energy resources in agriculture are considered. The following groups of the main factors are analysed: climatic; organizational and economic; technical and technological. The directions of increase in efficiency of energy resources using in the agrarian sector of national economy are defined. As a relevant task it is necessary to recognize ensuring effective use of energy resources in agrarian production. The problem of economy of energy in the conditions of deficiency and noticeable rise in price of main types of fuel and energy resources is offered to be solved taking into account the maximum use of opportunities of agriculture for self-sufficiency by energy. Economy of energy has to be reached by scientifically based adaptation of agrarian specialization to regional agro climatic characteristics.
The condition of food security in the Russian Federation in 1990-2016 has undergone critical falling in 1999 and then restoration by 2016, despite the food embargo entered in 2014. Practically on all markets there was a restoration of prereform level, except for the market of milk. Despite restoration of solvent demand by 2013 consumption of milk and milk products is much lower than rational norms that is caused by steady reduction in production of milk and a livestock of cows in the country. The reasons of decrease in a livestock of cows consist in specifics of branch of dairy cattle breeding, first of all the existence of agricultural grounds for maintaining dairy cattle breeding. There are a competition for land resources between dairy cattle breeding and agricultural cultures which have a profitability often 10 times more profitability of milk. On the other hand in dairy cattle breeding there is a need of cultivation of herd replacements that leads to accumulation of financial resources for a long time with payback of 4,5-5 years. Overcoming reduction in production of milk and a livestock of cows requires allocation of production of herd replacements as investment process as creation of the main means - cows results. Recognition of cultivation of herd replacements investment process will allow to lower credit load of agricultural producers and to count on the state support in a type of subsidizing of a credit rate or introduction of a single subsidy at transfer of a heifer to the main herd.
The analysis of resource potential of agriculture of the Moscow region has shown that for the considered period acreage under vegetables of the dug-out soil tend to growth, the cost of the fixed business assets increases, and the quantity of a manpower decreases. The conclusion is drawn that agriculture of the Moscow region has the sufficient resource potential for achievement of target indicators on self-reliance of the population of the area vegetable growing in the open. Increase in production efficiency of vegetable growing in the open demands modernization of production on an innovative, resource-saving basis. Improvement of technical providing is more rational in the conditions of the large-scale production providing higher rates of production efficiency - the productivity is 1.5-1.6 times higher than average on the region and low prime cost of the production due to scale effect. Measures for improvement of technical ensuring vegetable growing in the open have to have the differentiated approach. The state support has to be address at attraction of financial resources.
The carried-out analysis of the general condition of agriculture has shown that in comparison with many regions of Russia for agriculture of the Lipetsk region rather favourable environment and investment climate. But at the same time questions of development and support of the enterprises of agro-industrial complex are particularly acute enough. It first of all is connected with low material support of agricultural producers that leads to violation of agro technical terms, losses of a harvest and, respectively, to decrease in competitiveness of domestic manufacturers and also decrease of the attractiveness of investments into this branch. The work purpose - to establish influence of existence of agricultural machinery on productivity of grain crops. The box method - the relational and regression analysis has revealed direct dependence of security of the organizations by the equipment on productivity of crops. Results of the analysis of technical equipment have shown a lack of the equipment for cultivation of grain crops, in particular, the actual number of tractors is a little more than 30‰, and combine harvesters - 18‰ of norm. The solution of these questions is possible on the basis of cooperation.