Due to the increased threat to Russia's food security, the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism for the functioning and development of the grain market is becoming increasingly important. The interests of the subjects of this market can be fully realized only with a dynamically developing infrastructure, therefore, the development of new methods for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of its development, which contribute to a higher-quality level of entire market system operation, is particularly relevant. In connection with this, a diagnosing method the infrastructure of the agro-productive grain market is proposed, which makes it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the interaction of economic entities in this market. The method provides for a comprehensive assessment of the infrastructure state on the basis of functional and resulting indicators for the four subsystems investigation (production, processing, trade and innovation). The developed method can be deepened by additional indicators, the calculation of which, in particular, provides for the expansion of the existing statistical base. The need for the systematization of relationships between market participants determined the availability of a calculation unit in the method, including a detailed analysis of the infrastructure in the context of enterprises of different organizational and legal forms, and the calculation at the final stage of the integral index of infrastructure development. According to the results obtained, the best value of the integral index of infrastructure development is the integration form of entities.
The development of beef cattle breeding provides food security of the country. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that with the growth of the population of the Russian Federation, the accession of the Crim, the influx of immigrants, the increase in the internal deficit of food products, the need to analyze the results of state measures to reform the village, the efficiency of spending financial support for the development of agriculture. Farmer's way of life, which became a significant part of agricultural production in the country, is characterized by the dynamism of development processes and has a tendency of further expansion. The aim of the study is to analyze the materials of the all-Russian agricultural censuses in 2006 and 2016, to determine the dynamics of livestock development in the South Russian regions, where there are currently more than 44‰ of beef cattle. The analysis showed the growth of production in peasant (farmer) farms of the studied regions of the southern Russian Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan oblast, Volgograd oblast, Stavropol Krai. The farmers of the analyzed four regions produce the necessary meat products, ensure not only their economic profitability, but also the food security of the region, the Republic and the state. The article convincingly demonstrated the livestock industry in the southern regions in the intercensal period, growth of the livestock increases output.
With the adoption of the State programs for the development of beef cattle for 2009-2012 and 2013-2020, a gradual development of the sub-sector has begun. The analysis of the dynamics of state support from the federal and regional budgets of the sub-sector in the areas of development is analyzed. Against the backdrop of the positive dynamics of state support, the federal budget reduced budget allocations from regional budgets. Regions with the largest share of subsidies from the federal budget in the areas of state support for the development of beef cattle breeding are singled out, and the results of the ranking of indicators for 2016 are presented. The analysis of the relationship between the volume of subsidies allocated from the federal budget for the example of 5 regions (Bryansk, Voronezh, Rostov regions, Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia Republic) with a high and medium share of livestock production and target targets for the state program. In the total amount of financing and allocation of funds for state support for the development of beef cattle breeding, the direction towards partial compensation of interest rates on investment loans has taken the largest share of state support directions in recent years, with the greatest share of subsidies being distributed in favour of large agricultural producers and agro-holdings. At the present stage, it is necessary to take measures to stimulate the cooperation of small forms of management with large holdings, while supporting subsidized loans to banks by farmers, medium and small farms.
The research objective is to reveal the main tendencies in activity of the poultry-farming organizations and to define the directions of their development. On the basis of comparison of results of the All-Russian agricultural census of 2006 and 2016 tendencies in poultry farming development are allocated: growth of concentration of a livestock of a bird in the large agricultural organizations; an exit from business of small and average poultry farms, growth of quantity of a bird per 100 hectares of crops grain almost twice. The value of poultry farming in development of regions is shown. There are a poultry farming share in a gross regional product: Belgorod region (10,51‰), Republic of Mordovia (8,94‰), Republic of Mari El (8,6‰). The main directions of further development of branch (subsector) it is defined by the respective spheres of her functioning: structural development (rational structure, range of products); resource, technological, financial and investment, personnel, innovative, marketing, ecological.
The article provides an assessment of the dependence of the value of gross output on the change in variable production costs and the sale of crop production in the Kirov region. The influence of costs (taking into account the costs of rational land use), that is, the accounting costs for the production of crop production for the return of land in the long term, is of significant importance for the business of the economic agent - the land user. The method of analysis of limit (higher and lower) values using correlation and regression analysis revealed that the relationship between economic costs and the value of gross output of rye and barley is very significant. The conducted researches in the Kirov region for the long-term period (5 years), on the chosen organizations applying a certain technology in the accepted field crop rotation and which are located in one natural and climatic subzone, show graphically and tabular changes of average and marginal costs of product release for years of the considered period.
The research objective is to define areas and territorial subjects of the Russian Federation which as a result of the developed agrarian structure have the bigger potential for development of dairy cooperation. The article deals with analysis of livestock number in the farms of different organizational types (individual farms and agricultural organizations). 40‰ of Russian municipal regions have medium or good potential for development of agricultural cooperation in milk sector. However, this potential has not been realized so far. It is proved that the modern level of development of agricultural cooperation in regions of Russia has no pronounced communication with type of agrarian structure, that is a ratio of various organizational forms of the agricultural organizations. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural cooperation develops mainly not in those regions where its development logically would follow from the developed agrarian structure, and in regions where money from the regional budget is allocated for development of cooperation and there is the corresponding political will (The Belgorod, Lipetsk, Penza regions, Yakutia). In regions with agrarian structure, suitable for development of cooperation, it is necessary to develop the market and institutional environment and also to conduct organizational and educational work with the purpose of creation and support of cooperatives.
Basic provisions of corporate management are applicable also for conditions of Kyrgyzstan. The work purpose is to investigate theoretical bases of corporate management, to analyse the international experience and to prove structure and functions of corporate management. Influence of corporate management on development of economic processes, such as increase in investment attractiveness of the organization, efficiency of use of administrative and personnel potential is considered. In Chuy Region of the Kyrgyz Republic by means of the credits and technical assistance from the People's Republic of China creation of modern organizational structure of corporate type with design capacity to one billion US dollars is planned.
Current problem is studying of factors of effective production of agricultural production and improvement on their basis of the mechanism of management of development of capacity of rural territories. The dynamics of some indicators of the development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus for 2011-2016 is analyzed. The Grodno region, conditions, factors and economic efficiency of production of high-quality, competitive products has been studied. The dominant function of agriculture is not only the provision and satisfaction of the various needs of society for food and raw materials, but also the social maintenance and development of rural areas, which is due to the inextricable link between the means and the subject of labour, as well as people in the agricultural sector.
For the solution of modern problems of consulting services it is necessary to address classical theoretical heritage and also the analysis of the accumulated successful experience of the countries of the world in the sphere of public agronomics. The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the agricultural extension service in the United States and the evaluation of this development in terms of the ideas of Professor AV Chayanov in the field of public agronomy. It is shown that ideas of public agronomy have been successfully implemented in the US and have not been obsolete to the present day. Experience of the USA in which development of both agriculture, and the systems of development of agriculture by transfer of agricultural knowledge to producers went an evolutionary way is considered. From the modern point of view the system of the agronomical help to country people has to perform the main functions: transfer of production knowledge; help in decision-making; development of personal skills and abilities; moral support of progressive changes in ways and methods of production and way of life.
V. Putin made the report at the All-Russian forum of agricultural producers which started on March 11 in Krasnodar on the platform of the Kuban state agricultural university. The president discussed a large-scale range of questions, connected with the agro-industrial sphere of our country: volumes of the made production, export, fight against a counterfeit, development of rural territories, grants for farms, prospects of the public veterinary service.