World production of beef meat increased. In 2016, the volume of production was 65.97 million tons. The share of Russia has significantly decreased in recent years and reached a level of 2.45‰. The stagnation of production is evident in the conditions of high costs and unprofitable production. The existing small-scale production of 58.8‰ of the total volume does not allow competitiveness. Expansion of the industrial experience of beef meat production is required on feed locks. The positive experience is in US and Brazil. The number of cattle, as the main quantitative factor of the increase in production, declined. However, the livestock of specialized livestock is growing every year. Analysis of the regional location allows us that the number of cattle is mainly in the Southern, Central, Privolzhsky Federal Districts. A significant factor is consumption. It had a negative tendency and did not meet the norms from 2015. Consequently, regulation of production and consumption are required together. In this article, the key interrelations in meat cattle breeding for system regulation are defined. Objective information about cattle breeding in open official sources is necessary.
The aim of agrarian policy in the field of mountain herding development in the post-Soviet countries of Central Asia, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, while maintaining state ownership of pastures, is primarily to create viable associations of pastoralists. At the same time, instead of losing the "Soviet" paternalistic provision of finance, fodder, equipment, medical, educational, veterinary, agronomic, and epidemiological services, new institutions do not appeared that could replace the "Soviet" ones. In Kyrgyzstan, a new system is being created, based on the delegation of state powers to control and responsibility for the management of state grazing lands to local governments, which in turn transfer all powers for managing and using pastures to pasture users associations, but at the same time sources of financing are not established.. In Tajikistan, farms associations face the same problems as in Kyrgyzstan, plus the problem of the simultaneous existence of two legal systems: official land rights, and unofficial rights of users. Modern economic conditions and the lack of control over rights to pastures use lead to inflexible schemes of grazing and the overgrazing and degradation pastures.
A.I. Altukhov's report at a general meeting of members of RAS of Office of agricultural sciences of RAS on March 28, 2018 is presented in this article. An assessment of the current state of agro-industrial complex from the point of view of ensuring food independence of the country, profitability of agriculture, stability of development of rural territories is given. It is shown that the agriculture contribution to development of economy is much higher, than its share in balanced financial result, expenses of the consolidated budget and investments into fixed capital. Despite existence of system problems in development of the agrarian sphere of economy, it has approached such boundary when it is capable not only to provide food independence, but also to overcome a chronic gap between the standard of living of urban and country people, to provide worthy life in the village, to thereby replace a paradigm from "the human capital of rural territories" to "rural economy for the resident of the village". Researches of economists-agrarians in 2017 have been directed to the solution of these interconnected fundamental problems of development of agrarian and industrial complex. They have shown that in the long term at natural reduction of a share of agriculture in GDP its development remains to one of basic indicators of a role of the country in the world. It is necessary that the agriculture priority from the state became the general strategy of its development of mainly advancing, but not catching up type regardless of existence of internal and external risks and threats. It is necessary to come to average annual rates of a gain of production of agriculture over 3‰ that will provide the advancing development in comparison with a world trend, but about 10‰ of investments gain into branch will demand an annual. Therefore it is important to continue researches on development of multi functionality and multiplication of agriculture, ensuring necessary level of its profitability, transformation of branch to the knowledge-intensive and hi-tech sector of economy, weakening of inter industry disproportions, reduction of significant regional differences in social and economic development of the village.
Development of agro-industrial production, increasing in competitiveness of production causes the necessity of the translation its on the innovative way of functioning. It is possible to provide the solution of the standing tasks only on the basis of systems of farming in interrelation with branches of agrarian and industrial complex on the basis of acceleration of scientific and technical progress. In article the efficiency of development of earlier developed systems of conducting agro-industrial production is considered. Importance of development of qualitatively new systems taking into account the last achievements of science and technology in the field of economy and the organization, technological modernization of production is proved. The technique of the development of systems of conducting agro-industrial production directed to a production intensification, including is proved: determination of production potential; justification of the effective directions of interaction of agricultural producers with processing enterprises; elaboration of suggestions for improvement of organizational and economic managing; justification of systems of maintaining crop production and livestock production; development of recommendations about social development of the rural areas; justification of the mechanism of development of innovative processes. Forms of development and development of systems of conducting agro-industrial production are offered.
A research objective is the analysis of the existing normative and legal basis on creation and support of innovative territorial clusters, assessment of opportunities of their development in the agro-industrial sphere. The basic principles of the strategy of development for an innovative cluster, the task of implementation of priority projects, the directions of creation of innovative territorial clusters were analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the existing normative and legal basis allows to create innovative territorial clusters and in the agro-industrial sphere by analogy with industrial clusters. For agro-industrial clusters the structure of strategy of creation and mechanisms of its implementation are offered.
Today the problem of updating of fixed assets is relevant as non-current assets in most branches of economy physically and are morally worn-out. In recent years rates of updating by agricultural machinery of the Ryazan region have a little decreased. Since 2005 the agrarian and industrial complex of the Ryazan region has increased non-current assets only twice, from here and very modest economic indicators of activity of branch. Fixed assets of the organizations are formed at the expense of investment resources, and successful activity of the organizations in many respects depends on their existence. The largest specific weight of investment resources goes to the processing productions (about 40‰ of the total amount of investment resources) that demonstrates strengthening of industrial processing in specialization of the region. It should be noted that rates of updating of fixed assets of agrarian and industrial complex low. We consider that to one of drivers of investment activities of the region can serve innovations.
Accelerating the pace of development of science and technology in recent decades requires a change in approaches to the formation and implementation of state innovation policy. In developed countries, more than 80‰ of economic growth is achieved through innovative development of economic sectors. Progressive development of agricultural production is also conditioned by realization of scientific and technical achievements by means of their approbation and development in production. In modern conditions, improving the efficiency of domestic agricultural production and competitiveness of products is impossible on the basis of morally and physically obsolete technologies. Complex modernization of the industry on an innovative basis is necessary. In the article theoretical bases of innovative reproduction in agriculture are specified, and also the mechanism of the state support of transition of agricultural producers to innovative reproduction is added. Part of costs of all complex of actions for transition to innovative reproduction has to be compensated to agricultural producers, that is be provided a complex interdepartmental subsidy.
The article presents the data about food and medical values of mare’s milk and kumiss. The stages of diary horse breeding and kumiss therapy appearance and development in our country are analyzed. The modern state of kumiss production is characterized, the level of purchase and realization prices for kumiss is provided. Grounding the basic parameters of a kumiss farm with 40 mares functioning in Ryazan region of the Central Federal District is provided. The study showed that kumiss production at the farm would provide 49,000 liters of kumiss for 8.8 million roubles annually that would give 3.7 million roubles profit at the level of profitability equal to 70.7 ‰ and the payback of depreciable capital assets for 5.5 years. The developed production and economic parameters prove that creation of kumiss farms at different types and forms of ownership agricultural enterprises is an efficient and socially oriented agribusiness.
The flax complex of Russia is a complex of agricultural producers, farms on production and processing of flax, the enterprises for release of specialized equipment, scientific crop research institutes. The shortage of flax raw materials in 2016 is due to the lack of competent cross-sectoral strategic planning; timely and sufficient financing of flax-growing farms and flax processing plants; the introduction of promising scientific developments in the field of flax seed; specialized agricultural machinery for cleaning and processing of flax; the low technological discipline at the stage of collecting losira, a predominance of short fibers before long. The main problem of the industry is the lack of interaction between the agricultural and industrial sectors of flax. Correction of the situation is possible only when all directions of flax growing are combined into one complex. The development of the demand for flax in the domestic market requires an increase in gross yield by at least 10-20 thousand tons annually. Although the flax industry has stabilized over the past 5 years and shows a stable gross yield of 40,000 tons with an average yield of 9.5 t/ha, this is not enough to load the main production capacities. Flax growing needs systemic changes and breakthrough technologies for the cultivation, processing and sale of flax products. The purpose of this study is to create a full - cycle flax complex on the example of one of the leaders of the Central Federal district for the production and processing of flax-Smolensk region. The state program of support (subsidy) of flax production at the moment is the most effective tool for introduction of these changes. The article analyzes the state's need for flax in accordance with the strategy of light industry development for the period up to 2020. The financial risks of potential investors in the industry and prospects for its development in accordance with the Federal target program for the development of the flax complex in Russia until 2022.
Need of an integrated approach to the choice of system of criteria indicators for assessment of both expected efficiency of functioning of a sub complex, and process of realization of his strategy is proved. In article justification of such approach considering multiple-factor influence on the accuracy of expected calculations is executed. Scenario approach for calculation of expected values of productivity of sunflower with application of a technique of the EFAS analysis is used. Expected calculations of productivity of the sunflower made in Stavropol Krai, the considering consequences of implementation of possible scenarios and also the nature of change of external factors are performed. In expected calculations the algorithm correcting the expected productivity of culture at a size of the weighed assessment of the factors determined by experts as significant is applied. The received variable interval of expected values of productivity of sunflower considers possible influence of various factors.