The regional agro-food system is considered by authors as a system of complex production-economic, organizational-managerial and social relations that are formed in a competitive environment during the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of food. Subjects of competition are commodity producers, sellers and buyers, and the regional authorities when interregional competition occurs. This determines the complex intertwining of interests of the regional agro-food system participants. They can coincide or contradict each other. Therefore, the signs of the manifestation of competition and the methods of its management depend on the prevailing situation on the market. Under all conditions, competition causes an increase in the efficiency of the using of production and consumer potentials of the region. The functioning of federal and interregional agro holdings and trade networks leads to a displacement in the regions of production of agricultural products, its conversion and selling through the retail trade network. In the Udmurt Republic formation of the single agro holding and the concentration of most of the system-forming enterprises of the Republic's agro-industrial complex in its structure was initially perceived as a stability factor in the provision of food for the population of the region. The agro-food system of the Republic turned out to be less competitive in comparison with neighbouring regions and could not effectively use its own resource base.
This article sets forth the author's position that the development of scientifically based approaches to identifying priority areas for the development of rural areas, as well as the development of a set of measures and managerial influences for the specific conditions of a single region or a group within the federal district, should be based on the results of a comprehensive spatial-time analysis of existing conditions and development factors. Central to the socio-economic system of any type is the subsystem that determines the potential for the production of economic goods, which will be the main source of social development. One of the key activities in rural areas is agriculture, where the bulk of material, labour and financial resources are concentrated. The article considers the methodology for assessing the results of production and the efficiency of the use of resources of agricultural organizations. In accordance with the data on the region of agricultural subjects of various organizational forms and sizes of activities, the analysis of the results of their functioning (in conditionally-natural and conditionally-valued assessments), the availability and efficiency of land, labour and capital use was carried out. Based on the results obtained, directions and tools for state support to rural areas have been identified, taking into account the assessment of their resource potential, institutional environment and investment attractiveness.
Research objective was an identification of the existing organizational mechanism of carrying out monitoring of staffing in agrarian and industrial complex of Russia and development of offers on its improvement. The organization and conduct of monitoring of personnel security contributes to the effective functioning of the management system of the agro industrial complex as a result of obtaining additional reliable and comprehensive information on the state of human resources and labour resources; formation of a database and a database of personnel, development of an information retrieval system for personnel; purposeful forecasting, planning and management of personnel processes in the industry; increase of the scientifically grounded level and quality of managerial decisions while improving the personnel policy in the agro industrial complex. Monitoring allows solving many diagnostic tasks. Data accumulated in agricultural organizations help to identify systematic difficulties in the management of personnel throughout the industry, assess the level of reproduction and efficiency of the use of labour resources. The developed proposals and recommendations on improving the organizational mechanism for monitoring the staffing of the agro-industrial complex in the creation of monitoring centres and individual structures at the municipal level at the federal and regional levels will enable us to receive reliable information in a short time, to evaluate it expertly, to systematize and provide all interested parties users.
Russian meat industry adequately responded to external and internal challenges of recent years and made a huge step in solving the problem of import substitution. Import dependence decreased in 3.6 times, the share of domestic meat products increased in 1.2 times, and self-sufficiency relative to the current consumption standards increased from 68.9‰ in 2010 to 97.6‰ in 2017. Capacity of domestic meat market in value terms reached 1365.8 billion roubles, having increased by 45.1 billion roubles mainly due to increased volumes of consumption by 4.3‰ per year. Paid demand at domestic meat market exceeds the supply of domestic producers; therefore, it’s prematurely to raise the issue of industry export orientation. The export of meat products should not be considered as a strategic target of the government, but as a mechanism to improve the stability of the industry and to create preconditions for expanded reproduction. Development of industries with competitive advantages and free trade ensure the growth of general people's welfare. Taking into account the achieved results in the sectors of meat industry, the specifics of domestic meat market formation for certain types and the influence of external factors, our forecast for the next three years involves: an annual increase in production (0.3‰ - for sheep breeding; 6.3‰ - for beef cattle breeding; 2.4‰ - for poultry; 5‰ - for pig) and the possibility of exporting up to 475 thousand tons of all meat types.
The development of the pig industry allows us to provide food security of the country, gives the opportunity to show stable financial and economic development entities, and increases the flow of tax deductions to budgets of all levels. However, the consolidation of the production base and the creation of vertically integrated structures, which includes all the elements of a technological chain from field to fork, allows business entities to improve stability, showing high economic efficiency. There was a significant reduction in the share of imported imports of genetic resources, which due to the establishment of the leading breeding companies in the territory of the Russian Federation of its subsidiaries, and production on their basis of breeding of high-quality products with the consequent production of animals for breeding and fattening enterprise. The development of the pig industry the pig provides the opportunity to enterprises to invest substantial financial resources in expanding its own production, to increase capacity for the production of fodder and the construction of workshops for processing of products. In turn, the increasing production of crops, construction of new and modernization of existing capacities on storage and grain processing, manufacture of mixed fodders and fodder additives reduced the dependence of industry on imports of feed resources. The development of the pig industry allows you to speed up import substitution. Key aspects hindering the further intensive development of the domestic pig are the organizational and economic factors, which primarily include the lack of organization of labour, the lack of logistical and industrial base, low level of development of the tribal network and system management of selection and breeding work. Serious damage to the domestic pig production causes a number of infectious diseases, which in recent years is widespread throughout the country as a result of mass import of animals from foreign breeding centres.
The growth of GDP in the world and some developed countries, as well as their desire to accelerate the development of industrial complex and conduct a new industrialization in Russia, aimed at replacing the technological way. The shares of vegetables in the value structure of crop production in Russia, administrative districts and regions with a value of more than 30‰ are given. The largest volume of production of vegetable crops is shown on the basis of the specific (per unit of arable land) share for groups of crops in value terms structure of the Russian production of the crop. The economic feasibility of the production of vegetables is increased. The definition of intra-group shares by types of vegetables offered to carry out proportional to the cost of goods sold, species of vegetables. There are some important messages at the III International forum Vegetable cult 2017. Alignment of conditions in the market through vegetable growing subsidizing, establishing order in import of vegetable production, activization of procuring functions by the system of Rospotrebsoyuz will promote increase in production of commodity vegetables, GDP growth of branch of agriculture and subsector of crop production.
The article describes the impact of the rouble devaluation on the agrarian sector of the Russian economy. As the author notes, as a result of the devaluation of the rouble, there is an increase in the currency load on domestic agricultural production and the financial condition of agricultural organizations is deteriorating, examples are given of the resulting risks for Russia's agriculture, an assessment of the impact of import dependence on domestic agribusiness is given. All this allowed us to determine the main directions of sustainable development of the Russian agrarian sector of the economy in the context of the devaluation of the rouble and the actions of international sanctions against Russia. Devaluation of currency has led to increase in demand for agricultural production, food of domestic production, thereby has given an impulse to development of the Russian agrarian and industrial complex. Depreciation of work and means of production became other positive effect from devaluation that blocks negative consequences, such as: reduction of availability of technologies and rise in price of the credits in foreign currency. In the conditions of instability in the foreign exchange market it is possible to allocate a priority of sustainable development of domestic agriculture.
The article proposes a system of models for the location of agricultural production by regional agro-food systems, taking into account the bioclimatic potential of the territories. This system is implemented on. This system is implemented on the basis of a new approach to the allocation problem, whose goal is to search for surpluses in sowing areas in the process of optimizing crop planting, sufficient for the existing level of consumption in the region. Two scenarios by determination of optimum regional production structure of crop production have been chosen and proved. The first scenario is based on a hypothesis of invariable managing, maintaining productivity and doses of the applied fertilizers at the actual level. The second scenario makes a start from the maximum use of bioclimatic potential and soil fertility of the region. The indicator of the maximum net income has been chosen as criterion of efficiency of cultivation of each species of a crop and functioning of regional agro food system.
Despite the fact that in general the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered one of the developed regions of the Russian Federation, a rather strong polarization is observed in the rural districts of the region. Almost all south-and north-eastern regions of Bashkortostan have been depressed for many years. Within the framework of this article, as the directions for diversifying the economy of the modern village and increasing the employment of rural residents, the need for the development of ethnic entrepreneurship is substantiated, and its promising directions are analyzed with reference to specific regions of Bashkortostan. As a result of the research, the authors actualized the feasibility of adjusting regional and municipal programs for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, agricultural production and consumer cooperation, and the inclusion of proposals for the development of ethnic cooperation in them.
One of the key problems of the current stage of development of society is the disproportion in the inflow of long-term capital into the social infrastructure of rural areas. And a promising direction of solving this problem is public-private partnership, acting as an institution that facilitates the inflow of investments into this vital sphere of life support for the population of rural areas of the country. The article focuses on the need to shift the financing policy from lending to the system of investing in the development of social infrastructure of the village infrastructure, including through attracting qualified investors on the principles of public-private partnership. The tendency of more rapid growth of loan in the market of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is revealed. On 1/1/2017 the volume of loans has reached 2.35 trillion rub. In structure of loans the essential share is occupied by credit resources from credit institutions and the international financial institutions and also the budgetary credits from higher budgets. The mechanism of realization of public-private partnership in the system of investment into social infrastructure of rural territories can be realized in the form of individual share of the private capital in the state and municipal enterprises. For stimulation of investments in debt obligations of regions at the federal, regional and municipal level it is offered to create preferential tax regime for investors.