The food market represents difficult, multipurpose, organizational and economic hierarchical. the system having the whole range of the specific properties caused by features of his formation, functioning and development. In this regard evolution of the food market and ensuring his further socioeconomic growth is relevant, timely and objectively necessary. Features of development of the food market of Stavropol Krai taking into account current trends are reflected in article. The system analysis of functioning of the regional food market is carried out, regularities, the principles and factors and also key indicators of his development are studied. During the research features and the main trends of the food market of the region are revealed, prerequisites for further expansion of interregional communications are defined. Besides, in work the analysis strong and weaknesses of the food market of Stavropol Krai is carried out that has allowed to plan the most perspective trajectories of further development of regional food productions in the context of food supply and export focused of edge. The conducted research has allocated the most relevant directions of further development of the food market of Stavropol Krai which will allow to develop more effectively production and market infrastructure of the regional food market, increasing thereby the level of socioeconomic development in general and improving quality of life of the population in particular.
Updating of any subsector of livestock production is impossible without innovations which lead to improvement of quality, creation of new methods of production, sales of products, increase in management efficiency. Innovative development of branch of horse breeding in the system of agrarian and industrial complex assumes effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization. Realization of this purpose demands creation of appropriate conditions, the corresponding infrastructure of innovative activity or set of the material, technical, legislative and other means providing information, expert, marketing, financial, personnel service of innovative activity. Innovative development should be directed on formation of organic production of branch of horse breeding that will lead to reorientation of scientific and technical and innovative developments.
As part of the study, the current state of state support for animal husbandry was analyzed and its impact on the development of the industry in today's economic conditions was assessed. Tendencies of the industry development and factors of competitiveness of livestock production are determined, which determine the investment attractiveness of the industry. Changes are reflected and new mechanisms of rendering state support of cattle-breeding enterprises are considered. The efficiency of current and introduced measures of state support of the industry is assessed. Risks and threats for further sustainable livestock development have been identified as a result of changes in the mechanisms for providing state support to agriculture. Based on the analysis carried out, directions for the development of instruments and measures for budgetary support of livestock are proposed.
An assessment of volumes of the budgetary costs on technical and technological modernization and innovative development of branches of agrarian and industrial complex and also a state and acquisition of the machinery and equipment in agricultural production is given. The ratio of scopes of supply of agricultural machinery and the equipment through the system of federal leasing and attraction of credit resources with involvement of JSC Rosagroleasing and JSC Rosselkhozbank respectively is analysed. Basis of maintaining livestock production is a passive part of the fixed business assets, and their active part serves for expeditious service of farms, preparation of forages and also keeping of animals. The analysis of technical technological support of branches of livestock production is carried out, an assessment of change of the production of the cattle and a bird in live weight due to introduction of additional objects and carrying out reconstruction and modernization of the available farms in branches of pig-breeding, poultry farming, dairy and meat cattle breeding is given.
Research objective is to reveal tendencies of introduction of technology a block chain in agriculture at world level and to consider the prospects of development of similar branches in the Russian Federation. Agriculture always implies high risks - natural disaster, poor harvest or accidents - factors that directly affect the range that the agricultural enterprise can offer. Market conditions and large agro-holdings can also make the life of small farmers a difficult task. Companies often abuse their positions, using expensive fertilizers and patented technologies to gain a competitive advantage. Another problem is the logistics of product delivery. Modern agriculture is influenced by large networks. Manufacturers of food often organize industrial production in developing countries. Then they create large-scale distribution networks for the sale of already processed agricultural products around the world, including developed countries. More often than not, the manufacturer cannot sell its products to consumers directly, he is forced to contact intermediaries or distributors who purchase agricultural products in bulk. Large companies can cheaply and in large volumes produce food and meet consumer demand, but with this approach there is always a surplus of goods that will never be consumed. As a result, a new problem is created: collection and utilization of food products. At the same time, resources such as fuel and fertilizers used for the production and distribution of products that will never be consumed cannot be returned even with the deepest processing of unclaimed products. It is important to understand that food products, agricultural production and logistics are interrelated, and we can solve the above problems in a comprehensive way, primarily with the help of modern technologies, using a scientific approach. Technology blockade offers reliable financial instruments to provide agricultural enterprises with timely and full payment of their labour. The use of these technologies will help to avoid risks and will facilitate the enterprise management. Due to clever contracts, farmers can receive payment during the whole calendar year, and not only seasonally: in summer and in autumn. Using a calculation system based on such digital contracts, it is much safer to work with pre-orders. Smart contracts can include any conditions without the involvement of legal support. For example, using a smart contract, the owner of a small cafe can purchase coffee beans directly from a Kenyan farmer. He can order delivery to Europe, pay for the work of a customs broker and certification in accordance with the laws of the country of delivery. Smart contracts will free farmers from long chains of intermediaries and thereby reduce the final price of the product for the consumer. The introduction of blockages at the stage of production, certification and processing of food products creates transparency and allows consumers to support the suppliers they choose. This is especially true for organic and certified products.
This study examines the need for Russia to switch to technologies of Agriculture 4.0 (Digital agriculture) - the current stage of agricultural development according to the European association of the agricultural machinery industry CEMA. The objectives of this article are: to calculate a technology gap between Russia and advanced economies in the agricultural production; assess technical efficiency of Russia’s agriculture within the CIS countries; analyze the need to switch to technologies of Agriculture 4.0 for Russia. Data envelopment analysis is used as a methodology for the calculations: a metafrontier approach is applied to the non oriented SBM model with constant returns to scale (with two groups of countries: the CIS and the advanced economies; the time interval of data: 2000-2014). The study shows that the technology gap between Russia and the advanced economies is relatively large, and it decreases quite slowly; at the same time, the technical efficiency of Russia's agriculture within the CIS countries is close to unity. This suggests that Russia has exhausted the potential of its technologies in agricultural production, and it needs to apply new ones (Agriculture 4.0), which are estimated to increase the potential output of agricultural production by about 1.8 times at the same cost of agricultural resources. As a source of financing for the introduction of new technologies, it is proposed to change the structure of state support of agriculture (by reducing market price support in favour of increasing support to fixed capital formation).
In the article the analysis of the problems connected with restoration of scales of manufacture of an agriculture and in the kinds of activity connected with it up to a level of basic 1990 is given. The questions of an exit from a state of narrowed reproduction and agro-industrial and food policy ensuring growth of production and a full-value import substitution are considered, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. As a theoretical and methodological basis of author's developments, the provisions of the theory of social reproduction, economic equilibrium and perfect competition are used. The measures to restore the pre-crisis volumes of agricultural production are justified, including the implementation of the policy of increasing the incomes of enterprises and the population in order to achieve the necessary volumes of solvent demand for the means of production for agriculture and for quality food products. The main directions of solving the problem of import substitution and increasing the export of agricultural products are identified.
Stimulation of investments into agrarian and industrial complex promotes achievement of ultimate goals of the State program by modernization of agriculture, accumulation of growth rates of production and the solution of a question of food security of the country. The volume of the issued short-term credits for development of agro-industrial complex in 2016 was 1163,3 billion roubles. The most part of the state support on compensation of an interest rate for the short-term credits (loans) for development of agro-industrial complex in 2016 was got by producers Central (37‰) and Volga (26‰) federal districts. Distribution of the subsidized long-term and short-term credit resources needs to be made taking into account a differential rent of I. In structure of the loan subsidized resources those federal districts which are in more worst conditions, from the point of view of fertility of the soil and location have to occupy the largest specific weight.
On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the transformation of land ownership, the high importance of municipal property and the emergence of its right are determined. Collection and processing of relevant information allowed studying the distribution of agricultural land in municipal ownership in the micro zones of the Saratov region. The adoption of management decisions on the effective use of agricultural land should be based on the theory of property rights, modern methodology and new methods. In this regard, a method has been developed to improve the efficiency of use of municipal agricultural land, which consists of structuring information about the subject, the object of research, setting of purposes, strategies, and types of actions, criteria and indicators. In assessing the rationality of land use, it was revealed that the economic realization of the right of municipal landed property is fully motivation to generate income for public needs. To generate knowledge about the object, a scheme for conducting his research is proposed. The implementation of successive operations makes it possible to form a set of modern tools with a wide range of positive impacts on the management of municipal landed property. The typology of actions on the value-rational, goal-rational, pragmatic involves the identification of the fundamental elements, the justification of the system of criteria and evaluation indicators.