The article discusses the main aspects of the development of organic agriculture in Russia and foreign countries. The dynamics of agricultural lands under organic production is analyzed. Changes in the area of sowing of various organic crops in North America, the European Union, Russia and the world as a whole are estimated. With the help of the index method, the dynamics of gross grain harvest and yield in Europe is analyzed and the prospects of Russian exports to the development of national markets are estimated. The research has shown that the productivity of organic grain on average in the countries of the studied set has decreased by 5,3‰ that was the main reason of decline in production. Change of structure of production in favour of the countries with higher productivity has led to the small growth of average yield and compensated influence of negative factors a little. The market we depend on efficiency of organic grain at once for a number of the countries, recession in which can result in deficiency in the European market.
Land reform in the post-Soviet countries of the South Caucasus, led to the emergence of new forms of land tenure for these countries. The main goals of land reform were proclaimed: the creation of qualitatively new land relations based on the principles of economic freedom and social justice, ensuring food security, and developing an entrepreneurial initiative. Analyzing the results of the land reform from the point of view of the proclaimed tasks in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR), it is necessary to make several conclusions. In the unrecognized NKR, all the tasks of land reform were solved, and most importantly, a layer of successful farmers was created. In Azerbaijan and Georgia, the land was transferred to private ownership, its free purchase / sale. Exchange and other operations related to the ownership of the land were allowed, but as a result of reforms most of the better fertile land turned to be in hands of officials of different levels. The overwhelming number of farmers in both countries became owners of very small land plots - an average of 0.5 and 0.9 ha per family, respectively. At the same time, small private farms, unlike large state and collective farms, do not receive any state support.
Experience of formation of agro insurance in Russia demonstrates that it can't effectively develop without sufficient support of the state. The government seeks to create such conditions that at the minimum expenses stable work of agro-industrial complex of the country was carried out. In this regard the state support of insurance is aimed at overcoming shortcomings and restrictions which prevent agro insurance to achieve the necessary level of development in market conditions. State support has to help to reach reduction in cost of cost of agro insurance for agricultural producers by means of the subsidizing mechanism and also to put public services into operation on the consulting and methodological help to insurance companies. Shortcomings of the developed system of agro insurance of Russia are shown in article. Within "a uniform subsidy" the basic principles of granting and distribution of subsidies from the federal budget have been changed regions. Are presented negative dynamics by the number of the signed contracts of insurance of agricultural risks. The role of leading regions in the sphere of agro insurance and change of their positions in connection with introduction of "a uniform subsidy" is analysed. The conclusion is drawn on need of improvement of system of the Russian agro insurance with the state support and also methods on improvement of operating conditions of this market and attraction of agricultural producers to the sphere of insurance are offered.
The transformation processes of the formation of the economic system of Russia, create transitional states of the economy, characterizing its transitivity. The interrelation of the institutional and technological modernization is studied. On the basis of the N.D. Kondratiev’s theory of "long waves" a level characteristic of the evolution of technological structures from the Water Age (the First Industrial Revolution) to the predicted Age of met cognitive technologies were presented. The priority directions and also mechanisms of realization of transformational reorganizations in agriculture are systematized and generalized upon transition to digital agro economy. The national agro economic system has to pass through the intermediate stage of inversion of imperatives of traditional model of modernization and perspective, connected with digital economy. For ensuring the corresponding transit the specialized transitional model of transit type providing phasing of modernization transformations is necessary.
The article considers the process of reproduction of fixed assets in the agricultural sector of the economy as an element of productive capacity. For renewal of resources reproduction potential has to have ability to reproduction. Process of reproduction of the fixed business assets of the organizations of agribusiness is considered through processes of their formation as the sizes of resource potential in agriculture depend on it. Reproduction of production potential in agriculture is carried out at the expense of own, loan and attracted financial resources. The mechanism of reproduction includes the system of measures of reconstruction of the resources spent in the course of production. In the agricultural organizations of Stavropol Krai the share of an active part of the fixed business assets in 2016 has made 61.9‰, updating coefficient for 5.8 items. In the agricultural organizations rates of reproduction of fixed assets decrease as the sum of depreciation charges is higher, than the volume of capital investments that slows down process of updating of the fixed business assets. There is a correlation dependence between the specific weight of fixed assets and level of production of agricultural production. Ensuring production requires rational use of economic resources.
In the modern domestic policy of Russia, the priority is given to ensuring the economic security of the country - providing food. The solution of this task directly depends on the state and development of the agro-industrial complex. The policy of import substitution and support of the domestic producer played a role. Agriculture - this is the sector of the Russian economy, which in recent years shows its development. Effective development of the country's agrarian sector is impossible without the development of agribusiness, without addressing the social and economic problems of rural areas, without increasing the competitiveness of domestic agriculture. The formation of a strong national economy depends on the extent to which the agro-industrial potential of Russian regions is involved in the production process. At present, the main directions of the agrarian policy of the Russian Federation are to increase the effectiveness of state support measures, to provide agricultural producers and farmers with affordable credit resources, to re-equip agricultural land, to develop rural areas and improve the quality of life in the countryside, to develop melioration, breeding and genetics and agricultural cooperation. The development of agrarian business has a multilateral positive impact on the Russian economy. This is not only a direct increase in the volume of agricultural production, but also the creation of a significant number of new jobs, the development of rural areas. In this direction, a number of regions have accumulated progressive experience, which is of practical interest to the country's agrarians. Taking into account the specificity of each region and the positive practices of agribusiness, it is possible to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.
Research objective is development of tools of assessment of efficiency of financing of small and medium business in the agrarian sector of dairy cattle breeding and its application in a region. It is revealed that the operating mechanisms of financing of small and medium business in dairy cattle breeding are insufficiently effective. It is established that the existing programs of crediting and the state subsidizing of dairy cattle breeding are inefficient and don't exert positive impact on volumes of the made production. The scheme of assessment of efficiency of crediting, the system of indicators of assessment of solvency of the borrower of the enterprises of dairy cattle breeding and an algorithm of carrying out his system analysis is submitted. The analysis of the banks participating in realization of a soft loan, participation of the state in realization of the mechanism of crediting in financing of agro-industrial complex is carried out. Results of the coefficient analysis of the enterprises of small and medium business of dairy cattle breeding of Chelyabinsk region are reflected in a research. The scientific novelty consists in scientific and methodical approach to this problem, identification of the factors influencing efficiency of crediting of dairy cattle breeding, assessment of the importance and efficiency of development of dairy cattle breeding in small and medium business. Results of a research can be applied when developing programs of preferential crediting and insurance of small and medium business in dairy cattle breeding of the region.
Attracting highly qualified personnel to the agrarian sector of the economy and rational use of labour resources in the interests of its dynamic innovative development requires constant diagnostics of the realized personnel policy of agricultural organizations and identification of internal and external factors affecting its transformation. Thus, the task of studying trends and patterns of the formation of labour resources employed in the agricultural sector of the economy is topical and permanent in its significance. Its implementation is directly related to ensuring sustainable functioning and consistent development of agrarian-oriented socio-economic systems. Expected values of the salary and number of all categories of workers of agriculture in general across Stavropol Krai on the basis of aggregation of the received expected values of these indicators in a section of four climatic zones have been calculated. The received expected indicators of the average monthly salary and number of workers in agricultural production show their growth in the long term and various growth rates on the considered scenarios.
The level of provision of agricultural organizations with employees of various professions is estimated. A shortage of workers is revealed, which is growing every year. In the structure of demand, workers of mass professions predominate. They account for more than 85‰ of vacancies. It is established that the main role in increasing the deficit of workers in mass occupations in the zone is played by the rapid reduction of people actually working in agriculture in the Predgorniy and Kirovskiy districts. On the territory of the Predgorniy District, all resort cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters are located and people carry out daily labour migration from rural settlements to nearby resort towns. The level of education and the age composition of managers and specialists of agricultural organizations is determined. In absolute terms, the number of pensioners is 2.5 times higher than the number of young people, which indicates a lack of personnel change. In general, the human potential of agriculture in Stavropol region is formed in terms of reduction of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the rural labour force, indicating the urge for improvement in forms and methods of management development.
The research objectives are a justification of theory-methodical approaches to development of actions for ensuring reproduction of technical capacity of the agricultural organizations in a grain sub complex of agrarian and industrial complex, an optimization of structure and structure of the machine and tractor park of the enterprises of grain branch, an assessment of efficiency of investments into innovative re-equipment of technical base. Adoption of administrative decisions has to be based on the fullest information base which expansion is possible on the basis of complementary addition with methods of express diagnostics of a complex of the parameters reflecting the processes happening in the explored sphere. The methodical approach to carrying out the operational situational and ball assessment allowing to reveal features of formation and the development of technical and technological potential in a section of operating rooms operating and the supporting business processes is offered. The technique assumes receiving expert estimates, their comparison with indicative values, calculation of rating estimates of structural components. By results of the carried-out assessment it is noted that the supporting component of technical and technological security is at a low level, administrative is on high, and the operating is on an average. In general the level of security of business processes corresponds to the average level.