The article considers the essence and the concept of synergetic effect, the necessity of developing a model of its formation. There is analysis of production parameters of sugar beet cultivation in the Russian Federation. Studied and analyzed using the method of chain substitutions yield fluctuation for 7 years in the Russian Federation and the Orel region. The aspects of work periods in the field of beet growing are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the issue of attracting workers, namely tractor drivers in agricultural organizations all year round. In connection with the work on a complex, innovative and modern technology, it is proposed to smooth the seasonality with advanced training and additional training. The author's interpretation schematically presents a model of the formation of the synergetic effect of sugar beet production, the algorithm of which is based on the basic components: the seasonality factor, the pricing method for the implementation of sugar beet, margin analysis.
The results of research on the analysis of rice industry development in the 2009-2016 timeframe are presented. The reduction in the gross rice harvest in 2013 compared to 2011 is shown, due to the decrease in the sowing area by 7‰ and yield by 5.6‰. There is an increase in costs for the production of rice grain per hectare, which during this time period increased by 16.2‰. The level of alfalfa yield determined the cost of production: without fertilizers (000) - 5235 roubles per hectare, double standards of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers relative to the natural level of fertility increased to 6855; 6555 and 6285 roubles / ha or 30.9; 25.2 and 20.1‰ respectively. The maximum increase in the value of products after the double and triple rates of full mineral fertilizer is 8220 and 8550 roubles / ha, respectively, which indicates the optimization of the system of fertilizing crop rotation. The set of economic indicators, net income (4976 - 6074 roubles per hectare), profitability level (265.4-245.3‰), confirms the expediency of using fertilizers on alfalfa crops.
Purchase prices for milk decreased in the winter season 2017-2018. The aim of the study is to identify the problems and opportunities of development of own milk processing in agricultural organizations. The study was conducted on the example of agricultural organizations based on the materials of the Leningrad region. The methods of economic analysis were used. The methods of economic analysis were used. Such as the availability of raw materials for milk processing and the effectiveness of existing measures of state support. The calculations showed a decrease in reserves for intensification of production in the industry in 2016 compared to 2010, as well as an increase in the efficiency of milk sales to milk processing plants. It is proposed to introduce an additional regional subsidy, which will be issued to agricultural organizations specializing in the production and processing of milk - depending on the specific weight of its processing. To reduce the monopoly effect of milk processing plants and increases the volume of milk processing directly on the agricultural organization. The regional subsidy will increase the level of profitability to 33.3‰, creating additional incentives for the organization of own milk processing by agricultural organizations of the Leningrad region.
Forecasting of branch and regional processes is an integral part of management process on which economic and social consequences of development of territories, efficiency of use of labour, natural and material and material resources considerably depend. Sustainable development of crop production in conditions of the increased risks and uncertainty is demanded by developments of scientifically based techniques of improvement of development plans for the market in general with use of the formalized methods of identification of regularities of development and forecasting. In this regard, increase of a role of forecasting in market systems, is caused by global transformations of external conditions, adaptation of state regulation of market structures, further integration of branch with other branches of agrarian and industrial complex and the WTO. On the basis of these 2000-2016 the specification of trend model is executed; projection in a section of three trajectories of the forecast is made: inert, optimistic and pessimistic. The forecast of production of vegetables is constructed on the basis of structural and logical interrelations between groups of productive and factorial indicators.
The state and development of the AIC directly affects on the level of food security; the development of related economic activities largely determines the socio-economic situation of the country, but problems of evaluation of factors and conditions of formation and development of agro-food clusters have not been fully explored, and prospective directions for improving the development of the AIC in the context of solving the policy of import substitution need systematization and present particular interest. At this point of time specificity of the AIC is spatial dispersion, the availability of seasonal production, the diversity of forms of ownership and the scale of activities, which determines the presence of a higher organic composition of capital. The purpose of the study consists in the formation and development of agro-food clusters that allow the most efficient use of land, labour and financial resources of rural areas. In conducting of this study, there are methods were used: economic-statistical analysis, multivariate research. The conducted research allowed summarizing some of the empirical data on the prospects for formation and development of agro-food clusters. The strategic role of agro-food clusters is not only to solve the country's food security problem, but it is also a fundamental basis for the development of rural settlements, allows to save national traditions, forms natural landscape and way of life of population, define the character of reproduction of resources in a region, affects on the structure of production and distribution of population throughout the country.
The modern agrarian policy of the state contributes to the sustainable functioning of the social sphere of the village and is oriented towards the development of integrated structures that are points of growth and development of the rural economy. Reforms in the economy of the agro-industrial complex caused problems related to the incomes and living standards of the rural population. Creating the necessary conditions for improving the lives of workers in agricultural organizations is the main task that must be addressed not only at the highest level, but also at the enterprises. The basis for the formation of organizations relations is a collective contract that includes all aspects of labour relations, including mandatory state social programs and corporate social programs. It was presented the need for social partnership, including the interaction of municipal authorities, employers and employees (trade unions). The role of each of them was determined. A mechanism for allocating funds for the social needs of the village was proposed. The developed mechanism will improve the life of rural workers and can be applied in other integrated formations of the region.
Organizational forms and the economic mechanism of functioning of the market of the scientific and technical products (STP) are considered, their characteristic is given. Theoretical provisions of the organizational and economic mechanism are opened, and the main directions of his improvement are given. The conditional market model of STP on which polar parties are STP producer and as consumer are agricultural producers of all forms of ownership and managing of the countries of EEU is presented. The organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of the market of scientific and technical products of member countries of EEU is considered as set of the interstate organizational and economic structures forming this market and also the levels of management including the standard and legal, financial and economic and organizational methods of influence providing scientific and technical progress in the agrarian sector of economy of these countries. For the purpose of coordination, forecasting and examination of scientific developments it is offered to create the STP uniform centre in the field of agriculture which could duplicate through the Eurasian agricultural technological platform achievements of science and technology to the agrarian sphere of EEU.
The article shares results of selection and processing of CSAL incoming documents for database AGROS. Scientists and practical experts requires updated, authentic and complete information about status perspectives and trends of agricultural science and industry for effective managerial decision making, analysis and estimates. The most quick and suitable form for information acquisition and delivery are problem-oriented databases. The goal of current research was development and replenishment of the database that fully shows incoming flow of agricultural and food industry documents and grant different user requests. The researchers also analyzed incoming document flow, selected documents for database, semantically processed them and made the bibliographical records. The research methods included incoming flow content analysis, internal and external document analysis, separate data input with further coalescing for bibliographical record creation. As a result of processing researchers were making a decision of including the document into database and on level of content expanding - monographically or analytically. The documents were processed with five informational-retrieval languages to form clear document search profile and create a bibliographical record for effective retrieval. Authors examined main principals of bibliographical description and analytic-synthetical processing. All processed documents are included into database and available for internet users.
The subjects of business activity having small outputs in the agrarian sphere are participants of the relations regulated by the legislation on taxes and fees not only as taxpayers or payers of collecting, but also as tax agents. Thus in both cases the features depending on quantity and types of the tax payments connected with its legal status are inherent in country economy. Estimating importance of development in the country of sector of small business, including in the village and in agrarian production, the state takes great pain to stimulate this process. Therefore in small business are developed for involvement of businessmen and more convenient and attractive systems of the taxation, than for other forms of managing work. In article by methods of expert estimates, comparisons, and analytical calculations, the monographic description and forecasting are presented the existing taxation modes, efficiency of their use. Depending on their legal status farms can apply various systems of the taxation. Today simplified tax system is used by 55.5‰ of farmers, uniform agricultural tax - 39.5‰, the general system - 5.0‰. The choice of system of the taxation isn't once and for all set. The right of transition is granted to the head of country economy on a voluntary and free basis. The conducted researches showed that for effectively functioning agricultural producers’ transition to uniform agricultural tax and its further use didn't cause a little noticeable improvement. In practice there is no uniform technique of justification of efficiency of the applied systems of the taxation therefore at adoption of the administrative decision on transition from one system to another the reasoned economic analysis of advantages and shortcomings of their use of each concrete organization is important.
Four years of operation of the Federal law No. 260 of 25.07.2011. "About the state support in the sphere of agricultural insurance in edition of the Federal law from 12/22/2014 No. 424-FZ regarding insurance of farm animals have shown that there are shortcomings of the developed system of the agricultural insurance which is carried out with the state support. Russia is as the self-sufficient country regarding a possibility of creation of unique and qualitative system of agricultural insurance with the state support. The developed subsidiary model of the state support is insufficient, the potential of agricultural insurance, both a harvest, and animals many times surpasses the put budgetary indicators for 2016, 2017. The subsidizing problem is the main reason of narrowing of the market of insurance in 2017. For increase in efficiency of programs of the state support of agricultural insurance it is expedient to adapt perspective programs of insurance of a harvest, animals and fish under specific economic conditions of the enterprises significant for food security of the concrete region. For branch in general it would be useful to provide complex insurance products (in agro-industrial and fishery complexes).