The article provides a statistical assessment of the competitiveness of domestic agriculture at all levels of its functioning: from the level of production of certain types of products and enterprises to the macroeconomic level. The competitiveness of the national agriculture, the dynamics and structure of food exports and imports were considered separately. In recent years, there have been a number of positive trends: the structure of exports is improving, due to the growth in its share of agricultural products; the share of imports is reduced due to the implementation of the import substitution strategy of the industry development, the competitive positions of domestic agricultural producers are being strengthened. A comparative analysis of the agrarian sector with other economic activities showed that despite the faster growth of GVA in agriculture and its efficiency, the overall impact on economic growth is limited due to the low share of the sector in the GDP structure. The study of mutual relations of the industry with the first and third spheres of the agro industrial complex allowed us to conclude that even now there are processes of seizure of income from the agrarian sphere, which certainly affects the resource potential of the industry and investment attractiveness. The necessity of studying competitiveness in the context of farm categories and territory is substantiated. Based on the cluster analysis, a conclusion was made about the target approach in the state agrarian policy, taking into account the specifics of the development of regions and the level of their competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets.
The statistical analysis approach of the efficiency of investment in regional agriculture of Russia on the basis of multidimensional classification are developed and evaluated in the published research. The approach has made it possible to estimate the efficiency of investment in regions of Russia as a multidimensional process by reference to the types of efficiency. The statistical analysis provides an opportunity to determine the groups of regions, characterized high efficiency investment activity and the regions, where investment policy should be improved. The approach under consideration is based on the principle of the economics growth stability. Government programs are ought to be aimed at both the result of investment growth in absolute terms and contribution to a stable growth and an increase of economic stability. The investment in the framework of the approach is viewed as a multidimensional process that has a significant impact on all aspects of society.
Developing in time, agriculture of the country cannot but be placed also in space. During the Soviet period spatial development of agriculture aimed at identification both the general regularities of its functioning, and accounting of regional features of maintaining the industry with specialization peculiar to it and participation in interregional exchange for fuller providing the population with food, and processing industry - agricultural raw materials. At the same time implementation of the scheme of development and placement of agriculture of the country promoted the spatial organization of the industry and represented coordinated on terms and to performers the complex evidence-based forecast of spatial development of the industry which is consistently carried out on the basis of the state plan. Transition of agriculture to the market relations actually led to loss of controllability its spatial development in the country that led to the negative phenomena under the authority of the industry. Therefore without development of scientific bases of the national scheme of placement and specialization of agricultural production it is quite difficult to provide effective development of agriculture. For this purpose it is necessary to estimate developed and to draft new methodological provisions of spatial development of agriculture of the country and to develop organizational bases on formation of its national scheme and also to prove the directions of improvement of placement and specialization of agricultural production and the system of measures for their realization.
The oil and fat sub complex, being an important part of the country's agricultural complex and providing the population with high-quality food products, vegetable oils, makes a significant contribution to ensuring the Doctrine of Russia's food security. At present, the development of the oil and fat sub complex is characterized by positive trends; however, there are a number of unsolved problems in the industry, which include insufficient raw materials, insufficient introduction of elite seed and modern technologies, technical equipment of oil producing enterprises that do not allow speaking about effective development. Despite the growth in gross oilseed harvest, the level of oilseed production is insufficient for the needs of the domestic market. Therefore, it is necessary to identify opportunities for increasing the availability of vegetable oil to the population and the food industry in Russia through its own production, which will require the formation of a modern resource base, through rational distribution. On this basis, management decisions to improve the efficiency of oilseed production are of great economic importance, which determined the purpose of this article. The paper analyzes the production efficiency and sales of oilseeds in agricultural organizations, the use of production capacity of organizations for processing oilseeds in the Penza region. Depending on the natural and economic conditions, the main areas of oilseeds are identified. The conclusion is made about the effective production of oilseeds on the basis of placement.
The paper analyzes the current state of the sunflower oil exports in Russia and abroad, reveals the main trends and factors for the Russian exports development. The forecasting models of the agro-food markets development are considered. The results of the partial equilibrium model showed that the sunflower oil exports from Russia by 2025 could increase by 10‰ compared to 2017. Prospective directions of the Russian sunflower oil exports development are investigated. Domestic markets of China and India are considered as potentially capacious markets for Russian products. The share of the Russian sunflower oil exports, accounted for by the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), fell to 5‰, which indicates a weak potential for trade development within the EEU framework.
The relevance of the study is determined by the development of foreign trade (export) activities of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex, and risks that are often caused by incorrectly documented accompanying documents. The article deals with the main aspects of the organization of a foreign trade transaction, describes the specifics of documenting export transactions for all stages of interaction between an exporting company and controlling structures: an authorized bank, a customs authority, and a tax inspection. The evaluation of the latest changes in the legislation on currency control is given. The results of the research can be useful in scientific circles when studying the issues of organization of foreign trade activity, and also, to be used in the practical work of financial services of enterprises planning to carry out export deliveries.
The results of the analysis of phytosanitary risks under the conditions of agricultural sector reform in the agro-industrial complex in the transition to a market economy are presented. Phytosanitary risks caused by a low level of production and providing rural commodity producers with material and technical resources caused the transfer of planted areas with unprofitable production into the category of junk. Potential losses of productivity of crop production on unploughed land are estimated at 80 million tons of crop production in grain units. In the remaining areas of 78 million hectares with a low crop culture associated with the unfavourable phytosanitary condition of agro ecosystems the potential losses are estimated at 109.62 million tonnes of grain units (accounting for 40.26‰). Therefore organizational and economic agro technical measures, activating protective measures, putting into circulation previously sown lands, potential of plant protection in preventing crop losses about pests at the level of highly developed countries 50-70‰ (in Ross and 37‰) are necessary for development the favourable phytosanitary status and productivity of agro ecosystems in Russia,. This corresponds to the tasks of ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production and food security in Russia in the 21st century.
Climate risk, being one of characteristics of agriculture, causes fluctuations of level of production and production efficiency. It is difficult to measure it and it is not always possible to adjust, and therefore, the great value gets search of ways of assessment of his size and his influence on production indicators. The conducted research opens a problem of climate risk as the condition interfering development of steady agriculture. In work major factors of risk, natural hazards and kinds of their manifestation on lands of the Saratov region are considered. By production of grain farm of the Saratov region face the adverse conditions caused by finding of area in a zone of risky agriculture. The analysis of frequency of emergence of the adverse climatic phenomena and their influence on result of activity of the enterprises of area is provided in work. Authors consider that measures at the state level for regulation of influence of climate risk are necessary.
In article special conditions of conducting small agribusiness during overcoming foreign sanctions are considered. Attention to problems of small agricultural business is caused by its contribution to a regional internal product, its social need and the only possibility of preservation of rural territories. The analysis of the internal and external environment of the agricultural enterprises is carried out and the mechanism of formation of strategy of management by them taking into account a determinant of resource and motivational potential is offered. Four standard adaptive options of management in the conditions of crisis depending on the shown purposes are allocated: preservation of resources; increasing production; integration; conversion, revitalization. For each direction necessary actions are recommended.
The main function of economic behaviour consists in motivation and stimulation of labour activity and achievement of the best quantitative and qualitative results in work. Rational behaviour of economic entities in the conditions of food security it is necessary to understand such actions which are capable to gain the greatest possible income at the necessary volumes of production of products. Ways of increase in profitability of subjects of economic behaviour, the accelerated production of livestock production are offered. The choice of model of economic behaviour of the agricultural organization is influenced by a type of the competition (perfect or imperfect) and a time factor (average, short or long). Conceptual change of economic behaviour in agrarian economy has to be directed to transition from inertial model of development to socially oriented investment. The most important directions of formation of rational behaviour at all levels are allocated.