As part of the study, the current state of the domestic market for livestock products was analyzed and its dependence on the supply of imported food of animal origin was assessed. The key indicators of the saturation of the domestic market with products of own production, characterizing the level of food security, have been determined. The factors influencing the formation of the structure of food balance and consumer demand of the population are established. The influence of the food embargo on the development of the domestic market of livestock products and the effectiveness of the implementation of import substitution processes in the industry is substantiated. The features of the formation of market conditions and pricing are considered. The changes in the dynamics of consumption are reflected and the level of availability of the main types of food for the population is determined. Based on the analysis, measures were proposed to increase the efficiency of development of the market for livestock products and stimulate domestic effective demand by providing targeted state support to socially vulnerable people.
Any investment requires a commensurate return, so assessing the investment attractiveness of projects should provide objective and relevant analytical and forecasting results. The article considers various approaches to the evaluation of investment projects implemented in the agro-industrial sector, taking into account the influence of the most important factors for the agricultural sector (natural and climatic conditions, territorial dispersion of production, seasonality, limited diversification of agricultural products). Using various methodological approaches (traditional investment analysis / technical and economic evaluation of the project, real options, mathematical programming), the authors have shown that the justification of the effectiveness of projects implemented in the agro industrial complex can include all the above mentioned valuation techniques, or separate econometric tools. The choice of the methodology for justifying the effectiveness will depend on the following basic conditions: the scale of the project and its intended purpose; availability of government funding; the main beneficiaries and science intensity of the project; technical and technological features of the practical implementation of the project; the choice between alternative projects of the most effective (ensuring the maximum return on invested funds at the accepted or given level of risk). The results and conclusions obtained in the article can be used by credit organizations, executive authorities and other institutions to develop methodological recommendations for assessing the investment attractiveness of projects implemented in the agro-industrial complex.
The theoretical questions of analysis of economic stability of agricultural organizations are considered. The content of economic stability and the sequence of analysis of agricultural organizations are defined. Increase in production in the Volgograd region is followed by growth of emissions and pollutants in the atmosphere. Taking into account specifics of the agricultural industry in work features of a research of ecological sustainability are revealed. The ecological sustainability assumes maintenance of ecological environment of functioning of the agrarian and industrial complex organization in the normal state or with minimal risks during a long period. It is offered to calculate the coefficients reflecting degree of ecological sustainability in the course of the analysis.
The purpose of the study is to identify factors that impede the sustainable development of rural areas; Development of the concept of the formation of an effective social infrastructure. There is a decrease in the number of rural population to the level of 1991 by 982 thousand people, or 2.5‰. The total number of rural population is considered from four positions: natural increase (or decrease); Migration increase; Change the category of settlements (from urban to rural); Expansion of the rural area through the accession of the Crimea. Due the first factor (natural increase) during the period of market reforms from 1992 to 2016 there was a decrease in the number - by 3.7 million people. The second factor is the increase of about half a million people. By the third factor (change in the category of settlements) there was an increase in the number of slightly more than 2 million people. And according to the fourth factor, due to the rural territory of the Crimea, the rural population of the Russian Federation grew by almost 800 thousand people. Turning to the structure of the employed rural population of the Russian Federation by economic activity, it was found that the share of those directly engaged in agriculture is only slightly more than 21‰ of the economically active population of rural areas or about 8 million people. That indicates the multi functions of rural areas of Russia. It is recommended: to establish a financial priority for strategic projects that increase the profitability of the agricultural sector aimed at modernizing and enhancing the competitiveness of the rural economy, improving the infrastructure of rural areas and local government, the development of agrarian and green tourism; To carry out certification of rural settlements; Apply minimum standards of social and communal infrastructures; It is required to legislatively fix the status of a young specialist who travels to the countryside by developing an appropriate bill that includes his rights and duties, as well as benefits and preferences of various kinds. This decision, according to the author, will significantly increase the attractiveness of rural areas for modern youth.
The article is dedicated to carrying out the monitoring study of rural areas. Analysis of the materials showed that there are many methods for monitoring of rural areas; at the same time there is no uniform approach to identify problems existing in the countryside. The rating assessment method for determining the level of development and types of rural areas is presented in the article. The focus was on the socio-economic sphere of the territories. As the objects of research municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk region were selected, which are divided by administrative and territorial divisions into rural territories? For the study was used statistical material for the period from 2011 to 2017. Five types of territories were identified: advanced, prosperous, developing, lagging and critical territories. Based on the assessment results, final rating points were obtained in the range of values from 18 to 34 points. According to the results of the obtained total rating estimates the selected districts were divided into three of the proposed groups: prosperous (1 district), developing (11 districts), lagging (9 districts). The results of the study can be used in the development of plans and programs for the development of rural areas, and also in making decisions regarding the directions of state support of rural areas.
The instability of world economic system actively exerts impact and on the end user of the economic benefits, forming various consumption level, personal interests and assessment of an opportunity for their satisfaction. In this case, to the forefront there is assessment of optimality of a combination of development of economy and level of quality of life of the population as main consumer of results of economic activity. The quality of life of the population should be considered as unity and interrelation of the objective characteristics of the standard of living defining degree of satisfaction of material and social needs of the person and society and welfare, social and psychological, spiritual and moral and morally - ethical parameters of activity of people. Ratio of the solvent requirements and commodity resources intended for sale is not observed in the Oryol region, at rather low level of income the maximum sums of the established living wage are observed
The results achieved and the unsolved problems on the way to food security of the Republic of Tajikistan on the basis of the analysis using statistical macroeconomic, production and foreign trade data are identified. Problems of existence, availability and suitability of food are considered. Positive dynamics of operational performance concerning agricultural products, decrease in indicators of self-reliance by food, negative balance of trade in food, a high share of expenses on food is revealed that demands acceptance of immediate actions. It is necessary to create in the short term a strategic stock of food for the purpose of restriction of inflation or sharp increase in prices for flour (bread, pasta, etc.), vegetable oil, sugar, tea, potatoes, in the long-term plan it is necessary to finish agrarian reform. Financial opportunities of Tajikistan do not allow subsidizing agriculture in necessary volumes yet.
The world market is a sphere of stable commodity-money relations between countries, which are based on the international division of labour, the law of supply and demand and other factors of production. Equal conditions for all market participants created in the process of the evolution of the world market and monetary relations were brought to naught by the formation of a unipolar world in the 1990s, when the levers of political pressure and sanctions were actively used, as a result, all disputes are resolved in favour of one country. Artificially provoked deep crises destroy the economies of entire countries; call into question the existence of the state and entire peoples. To maintain and increase the sphere of influence on the world stage, countries are forced to unite in economic unions, such as the EAEU, BRICS and SCO, which should become the new pole of the global economy. Inter industry cooperation, agro-industrial integration, cooperation of small forms of managing in regions of Russia and other countries have to promote emergence in the market of unique domestic goods of food with new added value.
Stimulating investment in the reproduction process with predetermined changes in its structural proportions makes it possible to effectively manage the structural transformation of agriculture. Structural changes lead to increased profitability of economic activities. This makes structural investments more competitive than all other forms of use of financial capital. Estimated structural proportions are the defining imperative of structural transformations. If we designate target indicators of changes in the reproductive process in agriculture, we can determine the structure of investment flows that ensures the competitiveness of national agriculture on a global scale. Rating of agricultural organizations by the criterion of their investment attractiveness can be used as a tool for determining the structure of investment flows in agriculture. By changing the significance of the influence of various components of the rating on its total value, it is possible to optimize the structure of investment flows and achieve the established proportions of the reproduction process. Investment rating and the dynamics of its value indicates the feasibility and the social significance of the chosen direction of the transformation of the industry. Positive dynamics of the rating is a signal of the correct choice of the direction of structural reforms and economic activity of the enterprise.
Importance of the new form of the state financial support agricultural producers, called to promote regional controls in achievement of the target parameters planned in their programs of development by agrarian and industrial complex is marked. Advantage is introduction of dual rates of grants - on 1 hectare (head) and on 1 сentner production (plant growing and animal industries). They promote scientific and technical development of an agriculture, really focusing commodity producers on growth of productivity (efficiency) at simultaneous increase or even preservation in the same sizes of areas under crops (a livestock of animals) and thus the differentiation do not demand, exclude the conflicts arising at differentiated single rates. At the same time, « Rules of granting and distribution of grants from the federal budget to budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation on assistance to achievement of target parameters of regional programs of development of agriculture » require perfection regarding simplification of the mechanism of distribution of means between budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation, and also an estimation of efficiency of realization of charges of budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation which source are grants. It is underlined, that the estimation of efficiency of use of grants is expedient for connecting with a level of profitability of commodity producers. The importance of the Federal law from 3/7/2018 № 51-FL «About modification in clause 346.8 of a part of the Russian Federation second the Tax code » is emphasized, which subjects of the Russian Federation are authorized to establish the laws « the differentiated tax rates within the limits of from 0 up to 6 percent for all or separate categories of tax bearers. Directions of differentiation of rates ЕСХН are offered. It is drawn a conclusion that connection of two different financial streams can become a resource of scientific and technical development of an agriculture of regions which is necessary for using as much as possible at realization of corresponding programs and to consider at modelling the forecast of scientific and technical development.