Creation of the competitive Eurasian agro food market with the increasing use of innovative technologies can be reached due to reduction of costs for production or increases in volumes and improvements of its quality indicators. In article methodological approaches of technical and technological modernization of agricultural production of member states of EEU are considered. The expediency of use of economic-mathematical model of linear-fractional programming with criterion of a maximum of efficiency of "live work" for justification of optimum strategy of formation, replenishment or updating of the machine and tractor park of the agricultural organizations is proved. Such approach allows estimating cost efficiency of various strategies taking into account country features of production and resource opportunities of agricultural producers of various states. The nomenclature and quantitative structure of the equipment which needs to be bought is result of optimization of the machine and tractor park of member states of EEU
The purpose of the article is problem diagnostics of land management system in Grozny municipal district. The results of the study revealed a complex structure, inconsistency and multi-personality of power and property relations, incomplete specification and essential (with the right of veto, first of all, concerning the turnover of agricultural land) regulation of administrative functions of local authorities, typical for municipalities of the country regulatory tools. The conducted research allowed to reveal such problems in land administration in Grozny district as: personnel deficit in control and supervision sphere; uncertainty of the property status of a number of municipal lands; unclear division of powers, spheres of responsibility, blurred subjectivity and weak substantive interaction between rural settlements and the municipal area; low share of land payments in the revenue side of the district and settlement budgets. The results of the study formed the basis for the conclusion that the optimization of management decisions in the land sector of Grozny district can be provided on the basis of multi-level actualization of Executive and administrative functions, taking into account the permanent land transformation in the country; giving to municipal land policy of investment orientation by creation in borders of the area of the zone of territorial development, forming of assets of Municipal land Fund as the land and property ensuring investment obligations, and also clearer differentiation of the land powers and spheres of responsibility between administrations of the area and rural settlements.
The article deals with the process of state support of agriculture as an integral part of the state regulation of agricultural production. The state support for agricultural production is an objective necessity, which is the economic basis of the difference between the position of agricultural producers from the state of all other participants in market relations, as agriculture is uncompetitive in the free market in comparison with other participants in the economy. In article volumes of programs of the state support in Stavropol Krai in comparison with Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Belgorod and Kaliningrad regions are considered and analysed. The amount of financing of the state program in all directions is 2220776 million roubles. At the same time budgetary appropriations of the federal budget made 76.4‰. The largest volume of financial security according to programs of support of agriculture is the share of the Belgorod region - 170571.8 million rubbles. The largest specific weight in the amount of financing is occupied by the sub programme of support of crop production. In Stavropol Krai this sub programme makes 42.6‰, in the Republic of Tatarstan 38.1‰.
The need of orientation of all branches of national economy and especially its agrarian sphere on innovative rails is dictated by the requirement of time. The main problem is to search of investment resources on innovative activity. Economic sanctions seriously aggravate this process; key for development of Russia, and especially in its agrarian sector where there are great difficulties with financial support of innovations. Depending on economic conditions, financial opportunities, degree of risk should define the most acceptable structure of investments into innovations. Innovative activity in the region remains at a low level, especially in the agro-industrial complex. Nevertheless, the total cost of innovation in the region by the end of 2017 increased exactly twice in comparison with 2010 and amounted to 5617.7 million roubles. For the region, its own sources are fundamentally dominant, the share of which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal district, and in recent years their share reaches 74.9‰, which is evidence of the high independence of the region in financial support of innovation. The Federal budget is not actively involved in the financing of innovations in the region, as it provides half of the assistance targeted resources aimed at their financing. The priority of regional financial policy remains the financing of technological innovations. The region should review innovation policy with a shift in the focus towards financial support for the agro-industrial complex.
The comparative analysis of indicators of the level of agricultural production development in Russia with the developed world economies is presented in article that confirms presence of potential of domestic agribusiness. The following problems in innovative development of the industry are allocated: low level of use of capacity of the agricultural industries, lag in labour productivity, insufficiency of investments, a low availability of innovations, and debt load of producers. The author offered the Digital Agriculture model differing in horizontal character in which the IT platform acts as system integrator and a communicator. The digital innovative model of development of economy has to activate the obvious and hidden reserves a solution of specific applied objectives and overcoming the existing restrictions.
The consolidation and integration of economic entities is an objective process of the country's economy development, associated with the concentration of capital and the development of productive forces. In the agro food complex, the most common form of integration is holding associations. The functioning of regional agro holdings causes an increase in the region’s self-sufficiency in food. However, the concentration of production in one agricultural holding might lead to economic dominance in the food market. This makes it possible to control the market situation, set high wholesale selling prices for their products and have preferential treatment from regional authorities. However, priorities and interests of agro holdings change over time. They can expand into other geographic markets. At the same time, there are risks of production assets withdrawal from the territory and deliberate bankruptcy. This makes food rations in the region vulnerable. When choosing a region for locating new industries, the potential demand for food, the purchasing power of the population, as well as the business conditions created by the authorities, have a significant impact. Due to the regions differentiation in terms of socio-economic development, interregional agro holdings have a dual influence on the food markets functioning and food security of regions of location. The region, which is a commodity zone, becomes vulnerable to food security. The functioning of federal agro holdings contributes to increasing the country's food self-sufficiency and increasing the export potential of the Russian economy.
Problems of land resources using at the regional level are investigated in the Voronezh region. In the process of investigation it was found that in the studied region the degree of agricultural management and ploughness of the tilled areas is slightly lower than in other oblasts of the Central Chernozem Region, but higher than the average level for the Central Federal District. During the years of reforms in Voronezh Oblast there was a reduction in the area of agricultural lands, including arable lands, due not only to the weakening of state regulation of land relations, but also the dynamism of institutional reforms, as well as due to the uncertainty of the status of land shares of many owners. There were changes in the structure of sown areas in the region: reduction of acreage of grain crops, sugar beet and especially forage crops, significant increase in crops of sunflower and soy. Despite the revealed decrease in the content of humus, labile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the arable lands of the region, from 1990 to 2017 the level of productivity of cereal and leguminous crops increased by 1.5 times, and the level of productivity of sugar beet, sunflower, potatoes and vegetables increased by more than 2 times. On the basis of the carried-out analysis of functioning of the mechanism of regulation of land resources both positive and negative trends of their use were defined.
Methodical tools with an algorithm of calculation of indicative indicators for testing of the agricultural organizations differing on the scale of activity and level of specialization for change of income and expenses from influence of price disparity are offered. The offered methodical approach allows to monitor influence of internal and external factors and to level their negative impact on financial results of activity of the agricultural organizations. It is revealed that influence of price disparity is leveled at a rational combination of the branches of crop production and livestock production, introduction of a regime of economy of expenses and implementation of measures of increase in profitability of business activity.
The development of a development strategy for any market involves many stages, but traditionally, the initial is the assessment of its current state. Research objective is a justification of methodical approach to assessment of the level of development of subjects of the market of milk and dairy products. The approach is based on the calculation of integral indicators based on the indices of efficiency and development of each link in the chain of “agricultural producer - processing industry - trading enterprises - final consumer”. A distinctive feature of the methodical approach is a pair-wise assessment of the subjects of the reproduction chain that require the greatest consistency: “the producer - the processing industry”, “the trade organizations - the final consumer” (the grouping was made based on the analysis of retrospective data from the Russian Federation). Approbation of the developed methodological approach allowed assessing the interrelation of inter-business processes and the effectiveness of all subjects of the reproduction chain, which ultimately helped in finding optimal solutions and developing priority directions for the further development of the Russian milk and dairy products market.
The level of development of the brewing industry in many respects defines development and efficiency of functioning of the industries, adjacent to it. Brewing always was the business bringing high income that is caused by considerable demand for beer from the population of the country. In order to increase tax revenues from the brewing industry and reduce beer consumption by the population of the country, an increase in the excise rate is observed. At the same time, the decrease in demand for beer from the population has a negative impact on the industries, which are important for many subjects of the Russian Federation, which include the Nizhny Novgorod region. All this leads to the aspiration of the enterprises to leave the legal market, and the population with the low level of income to pass to consumption of alcoholic products of poor quality including on consumption of substitute alcohol. In article the value of the brewing industry for economy of agrarian business and regional budgets is considered. The high discipline of subjects of the industry in payment of excises is noted. The discrepancy of legal and tax regulation of the brewing industry in the context of social and economic consequences for the region is considered. The attention is focused on value of the brewing industry in the conditions of increase in rates of excises as a significant source of replenishment of the state budget.