Digital economy is viewed as the level of development of the production system, involving the massive use of digital and information and communication technologies and allowing fundamental modernization of the system of inter-subject interactions, while digital transformation is understood as a process of transition of socio-economic systems to such development level. The management of the digital transformation processes should be considered, in the first place, as change management at the levels of the state, economic sectors, fields of activity, individual economic entities, and individuals. The digital transformation of the economy cannot be fragmented; it should cover all stages of the reproduction process. The global objective of digital transformation is to form a new information and technological continuum as a qualitatively different environment for social development. The system of local goals of digital transformation reflects the set of directions for the occurrence of the expected transformational effects. The digitalization of the economy generates not only positive, but also negative transformational effects associated with the negative consequences of the large-scale introduction of digital technologies in public life and digital expansion into all spheres of human activity. The main threats include reduction of employment, simplification of labour functions and reduction of requirements for human creativity, weakening of the governing, coordinating and controlling role of the state, transformation of models of economic behaviour of economic entities, high speed and intensity of changes, the possibility of increasing digital inequality and imbalance of digitalization processes, activation of cybercrime. The article describes the range of tasks facing the state, business and individuals, the solution of which will ensure minimization of the negative transformational effects and the consequences of the identified threats.
An assessment is given to the current state and functioning of a control system on state and economic level in the conditions of development of digital economy. The priority principles of creation of management of development in regional agrarian and industrial complex with use of elements of digital economy are proved. Ways and ways of modernization of a control system, to contributing development of economy of subsector and rural territories are planned. The algorithm of creation of the most effective control system of development by regional agrarian and industrial complex where the combination of digital transformation of the most agrarian production and other subsectors of agro-industrial complex to various set of competences has to be carried out is offered. Improvement of a control system at the regional level in agrarian and industrial complex has to be carried out on effective interaction of the state and municipal authorities and the agrarian and industrial complex organizations of the region, irrespective of forms of ownership and their branch accessory where improvement of agrarian production and providing the industry with necessary resources in the conditions of penetration of modern information technologies into agribusiness and digitalisations of the regional and organizational and economic directions has to be provided.
In article theoretical aspects of the analysis of ecological stability of the agricultural organizations on materials of the Volgograd region are considered. The analysis of ecological sustainability includes a research of operating conditions of the agricultural organizations, assessment of level of degradation of soils, water security, melioration volumes, application of fertilizers, etc. Characteristic of quality of soils of the Volgograd region is presented in article, the condition of melioration, volumes of the introduced mineral fertilizers is analysed. The Volgograd region is in a zone of risky agriculture. Droughts are characteristic of area, and the resistant tendency to increase in the droughty periods is observed in recent years. The most important conditions of effective farming in the region are flood and irrigation. Specific weight of the fertilized area mineral fertilizers in 2017 was 52‰ in a total amount of cultivated area.
The article includes basic provisions of the report on bureau of Office of agricultural sciences of RAS of 31.01.2019. The reasons of current situation in the market of milk and dairy products are allocated, including: decrease in the general market capacity of milk and steady growth of its prime cost; the non-equivalence of exchange connected with irrational pricing on milk; the continuing reduction of a livestock of cows, especially in farms of the population; low marketability of production of milk, especially in farms of the population; low rates of gain of production of milk due to insignificant quantity of again constructed, reconstructed and modernized dairy complexes and farms. Measures of increase in stability of maintaining domestic dairy cattle breeding are proposed: transition from regulation to management, from forecasting to planning of development of dairy cattle breeding through establishment of the state task not only on production of milk for each region, but on growth of a livestock of cows; to create the effective mechanism of the state influence directed to increase in efficiency and competitiveness of dairy cattle breeding; not to allow decrease in production of milk in the country in the conditions of steady reduction of its production in farms of the population; to increase domestic breeding resources of the leading breeds of the dairy cattle; to improve the mechanism of distribution of budgetary funds; to improve legislative providing a system of measures of development of development of dairy cattle breeding.
Objective and subjective factors determine production efficiency of various types of agricultural products in the regions. Taking into account regional comparative advantages of milk and crop production will increase effectiveness of investment decisions, effectiveness and efficiency of government support for investment activities in the agro-industrial sector in determining its priorities, directions and forms, which is necessary for simultaneously solving the tasks of food security and increasing exports of agricultural products to 45 billion $ by 2024. The article identifies the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation that have objective prerequisites for a steady increase in milk production that can form the «milk belt» of Russia.
In article features of development of the regional market of milk and milk products are investigated. Sharp decrease in operational performance of the industry in 2017 is revealed. The efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in a section of climatic zones of edge is analysed. Leaders among the agricultural organizations which positive experience needs to be duplicated for increase in efficiency of the industry in general are defined. The most perspective areas for development of dairy cattle breeding are regions of the southern (pre-resort zone) and western zones of edge. The problems which arose with need of import substitution of dairy products for edge are allocated. Possibilities of development of dairy cattle breeding in the region on an innovative basis are defined and also to realize the barriers interfering economic entities them.
To solve the problems of forecasting, a comprehensive use of the normative method is proposed, which allows for the design of indicators reflecting development goals, and exponential smoothing method with a damped trend that solves the problem of assessing the reality of the set goals and reasoning the dynamics of their achievement. As goals for the development of cattle breeding in the region, the indicators specified in the Strategy for Social and Economic Development of the Region and reflecting the expected state of the industry are used. The indicators specified in the Strategy for Social and Economic Development of the Region and reflecting the expected state of the industry are used as goals for the development of cattle breeding in the region. Forecast calculations of dairy and beef cattle breeding development in the region were carried out according to three scenarios: inertial, basic, and compromise. To achieve the parameters of the basic development scenario while maintaining the growth trends in dairy and meat productivity of cattle by 2025, it will be necessary to increase the average annual number of cattle in all categories of farms in Voronezh region to 511.0 thousand, the average annual number of cows in agricultural organizations - up to 154.8 thousand, in peasant (farmer) farms - up to 17.9 thousand, while reducing the number of cows in the households down to 25.0 thousand animals. The implementation of the basic scenario will allow for an increase in milk production by 27.3‰, and for beef - by 6.2‰ (in agricultural organizations and peasant (farmer) farms - by 32.1‰). In case of following the conditions of the basic development scenario, the profitability level of cattle breeding in the agricultural organizations of the region by 2025 may reach 23-25‰ excluding subsidies, while the output of specialized beef cattle breeding may reach the level of sustainable break-even results without taking into account the subsidies not earlier than in 2030.
The article proposes a model for optimizing the transformation of the structure of regional agrifood systems with global climate change. This model is implemented on the basis of a new simplified approach to solving the problem of locating crops in the region during climate change. Two options of realization by the region of the adaptive strategy differing in the budgetary restrictions and the related speeds of transformation of the branches of crop production were considered. Results of these strategies are expressed as gain of the discounted profit. Corrections of industry structure of a regional agro food system can form a basis for formation of elements of agrarian policy.
The article is devoted to the identification of the optimal structure of institutional agricultural structure of region (ratios of different types of agricultural enterprises and organizations). Level of structure of the institutional environment as the factor having an impact on stability of the institutional environment, and through it also on rates and duration of economic growth in agriculture is investigated. The criterion for evaluation of efficiency of institutional structure of the industry on the basis of the transformed Fibonacci's number is developed. According to a census distribution of institutes in agriculture was displaced by the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic towards deterioration in harmony. The postulated offers are formalized also divided into quanta. Rules of influence of structure of the institutional environment on its stability and economic dynamics of the industry are formulated. The new institutional push, i.e. change of the existing institutional system is necessary for ensuring growth.
The introduction of the food embargo has affected the market conditions. As a result, the key parameters of the food balance of meat and meat products have changed: production, consumption, export and import. The main consequence was the inevitable restriction of imports and price increases. The lack of publications on this topic necessitated the analysis and assessment of the existing situation. The basis of the study is mainly from foreign data sources. For the first time, to study the impact of the food embargo, it was proposed to conditionally divide the stages: before and after the application of restrictive measures. The result of the analysis shows that at the present stage the production deficit exists for all major types of meat. However, the priority of production remains unchanged - poultry meat. The consumption of this type of meat is half of all meat resources. This is primarily due to low prices. In the face of falling real incomes of the population, it had the major impact on the formation of demand. According to rational nutritional norms, imbalances in consumption continue to exist. Restrictive measures should be considered as increasing the financial burden on the end user, while government support tends to reduce. The proposed model of dependence of the production of meat and meat products on the main factors suggests that consumption remains underestimated from the standpoint of the development of agricultural production. Domestic food aid offered to stimulate.