The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the introduction of digital technologies in the production of vegetable products according to the state programs "Digital Economy", "Digital Agriculture". Information and innovative technologies in the vegetable growing industry contribute to increasing labour productivity, saving various types of resources, reducing costs and reducing production costs, increasing volumes and increasing the efficiency of vegetable production, which affects the attraction of investments. The complex digital solutions for the production of vegetables - “Smart field”, “Smart greenhouse” are considered and the key factors of transition to these information technologies are indicated. Digitization will allow on the one hand to reduce the volume of excessive use of material resources (agrochemicals, inorganic fertilizers, fuel, etc.), and on the other, to maximize the use of local production factors (organic fertilizer, bio fuel, renewable energy, etc.). One of the tools of the digital economy, allowing providing all the necessary conditions and technological mechanisms, is the block chain technology. The block chain, due to its cross-cutting nature, allows information to link the needs of a particular end user and the capabilities of a particular agricultural producer. Digital technologies will reduce the cost of the production of vegetables as much as possible and significantly increase the reliability of product quality. The introduction of block chain technology promotes advance to the world market of quality, organic vegetable products, guaranteeing to the buyer quality and origin of products, simplifying procedures of phytosanitary certification. The use of block chain technologies can significantly speed up and simplify decision-making on financing and state subsidizing vegetable industry development projects.
The relevance of a research of market condition of potatoes is caused by value of this culture both for the certain Russian consumer and for national economy in general. The last decade, the specific annual consumption of potatoes is about 110 kg per person. A more detailed study of the indicators of production and consumption of the root crop will make it possible to draw conclusions about the state of the potato market in Russia, as well as about the level of the country's food security. The article discusses various problems faced by the sub-industry of crop production, the most significant of which are the lack of a system of selection and seed production, the low level of supply of stores, the lack of qualified personnel. As a result of the small financing and the lack of due attention of the state authorities to this sub-sector, the existing problems are only increasing. Low yields and annually reducing crop areas of culture also indicate an extensive development path for potato production. Increasing the share of federal and regional authorities in solving the existing problems in the sub-sector will increase the achieved indicators of the gross harvest of potatoes, which will contribute to achieving the level of food security declared in the Doctrine for this crop by 95‰.
Processing and realization of dairy products in agricultural enterprise as business is successful profitable production. In article questions of design of creation of the milk-processing plant, the optimum scheme of its financing are considered, costs of production are proved, sales proceeds and profit are defined, and the payback period of milk plant is calculated. An object of a research is LLC Zarya of the Alsheevsky Region of Republic of Bashkortostan. The total amount of the leasing contract for creation of milk plant will make 7.307 million roubles with the VAT (without insurance of a subject of leasing). The payback period of milk plant will make 27 months (2.2 years).
An ambiguous situation is characteristic of poultry enterprises due to the fact that, against the background of high potential, they do not fully realize their market potential and much of them are at the stage of bankruptcy (closing). The solution to this problem is to develop an enterprise strategy oriented towards ensuring the satisfaction of consumer demands that form demand in the relevant market and have a theoretical and methodological basis for the essence of the market potential of poultry products. In this regard, studied the theoretical aspects of the market potential of the enterprise, the competitiveness of products and given the formulation of this economic category with the differentiation of factors on external and internal, affecting the value of the market potential of poultry products.
There are analysed in article: the area of fruit and berry plantings in Russia, the total area of long-term plantings in the agricultural enterprises of the Moscow region on average for the last 4 years, requirement and providing the population with fruit and berry products taking into account that in a diet of the person there have to be products of fruit and berry crops isn't lower than reasonable medical norms of a delivery, objective need of increase in production of products of fruit and berry cultures is proved. Problems of increase in production efficiency of fruit and berry products are revealed. Cultivation of fruit and berry products differs by years and depends on natural factors which influence the vegetative period. High profitability of berries (200‰ in 2014) depends on annual increase in the price of strawberry. Fundamental base for development and increase in effectiveness of the branch of fruit growing are innovative technologies, taking into account development of biotechnologies.
The article deals with the problems of fur farming industry in Russia and the Kaliningrad region. The analysis shows that the prices of finished fur products in Russia are volatile, in the Kaliningrad fur farms the average cost of mink skins is growing along with the material costs of the main production, the main share of which is feed, by 2017 there is a decline in consumption of fur products in Russia and a decrease in the production of mink skins in the Kaliningrad region. At the same time, the growth of production volumes can not provide a guaranteed profit for the fur farm. Therefore, for the successful sale of products and interaction of supply chain participants, it is necessary not only to create highly competitive capacities of fur cell farming on the basis of reconstruction and new construction with the use of advanced technical and technological resource-saving solutions, but also to develop the market for manufactured products. The results of the study suggest the need to make serious adjustments to the existing system of fur farming in Russia by implementing the model of public-private partnership on the successful experience of foreign countries.
Issues of proper planning of the composition of the machine and tractor fleet and its use are now becoming increasingly important. To ensure the effective functioning of production in crop production, it is necessary to actively use technologies and high-quality work of the machine and tractor fleet. This necessitates the need for each organization to use the possibility of choosing equipment, technical support systems and services, which determines its rational structure and efficient reproduction process. One of the problems of agricultural management is the task of designing the business process of the machine and tractor fleet, which includes: determining the volume and timing of mechanized works, justification of the brand composition of the ICC, the calculation of the need for machine operators, auxiliary workers, agricultural machines, determining the need for fuel. The use of the machine and tractor fleet is planned on the basis of technological maps developed for this economy or in their absence on the basis of standard technological maps and a system of machines recommended for this natural and climatic zone.
The article analyzes the development of mutual agricultural trade of the EU and Russia in recent years. It is shown that this trade is of great importance for both parties. Agricultural trade demonstrates high stability in difficult conditions, and there is the possibility of preserving and expanding its volumes. In addition successful experience in stimulating the export of agricultural products in the EU is considered. Increase in export came from the EU due to increase in growth of sales in the markets of the USA, China, Switzerland, Hong Kong, South Korea and some other countries. It is obvious that in the future there is the possibility of maintaining and expanding the volume of agricultural trade between our countries, especially in the case of the cancellation of mutual sanctions.
The relevance of this problem is due to the need to identify the main trends in the import of vegetables in the world and in Russia in 2002-2018. The volume of value imports of vegetables in the world in 2014-2017 by 2002-2005 increased by 2.4 times. The United States, Germany and the United Kingdom are among the top three importing countries in 2002-2017. Two-thirds of the volumes of the average annual value of imports of vegetables in the world are from 14 countries. Among them, Russia's rating changed from 14th place in 2002 to 5th place in 2011-2014, followed by a decrease to 12th place in 2017. A significant volume (70-80 ‰) of both value and physical imports of vegetables to Russia in 2014-2018 was imported from 5 exporting countries. In 2018, the composition of suppliers changed due to the introduction of the Russian food embargo and other factors. Prospects for further development of vegetable imports to Russia depend on a variety of conditions. Among them are external and internal political factors, the economic feasibility of import substitution in the context of future climatic and socio-demographic trends.
Nowadays the rabbit breeding industry is the most promising direction of development of meat livestock. Rabbit breeding along with sustainable profit allows providing the population with quality products. Rabbit breeding is an industry that requires a special culture of production and partly serves as an indicator of the state of economic development of the country. This article discusses the development of rabbit breeding in China, USA and Canada, Europe and Russia. It is noted that international trade in rabbit products is poorly developed: about 15 ‰ of rabbit products are sold on the world market. It is established that in recent years appear large-scale enterprises for breeding rabbits began to, but their number is still small. Despite the progress in the development of rabbit breeding, there are constraints to the development of the industry: the lack of traditions of rabbit consumption, the lack of qualified professionals, underdeveloped breeding and genetic work in a number of countries. Nevertheless, in many countries rabbit breeding is becoming an independent and industrial branch of livestock breeding: criteria, standards, techniques and technologies of rabbit breeding are becoming common, technical and technological innovations are becoming available; there is a dynamic exchange of information.