Modern stage of development of animal husbandry of Kostanay region is characterized by instability of production, low competitiveness of products produced by small businesses. Consistent and effective development of agricultural cooperation is of great importance in improving the current situation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to determine and substantiate the priority directions of development of agricultural cooperation in the formation of livestock production systems. To achieve the goal, the authors used dialectical, monographic, statistical methods of research. In this article tendencies of development of branch of animal husbandry of the Kostanay region from 2006 to 2017 are revealed, the main problems of production of animal husbandry, (organizational, technical and technological, economic, personnel, social and demographic) are defined and systematized. In the experimental part of the study, the possibilities of solving these problems, including with the participation of the state, developed the main directions of improving the efficiency of agricultural cooperation, which will bring livestock to a higher level of management and efficiency.
New approaches on the way for achieving the sustainability of northern rural areas are considered. Especially important for the Russian North may become experience of Finnish Lapland directed towards creating smart northern rural settlements. Especially important for the Russian North may be the experience of Finnish Lapland to create smart and viable northern rural settlements. Also the Scandinavian experience in the berry and mushroom industry may become important. The basis for the development of rural areas in many regions of the Russian North can become domestic reindeer herding based on unique conditions: the presence of vast areas of natural reindeer pastures and the low cost of meat production. All that is needed is a slight state support for the industry, as well as the development of sustainable plans reindeer husbandry, aimed not so much at raising livestock as at creating bases for the deep processing of local reindeer products. A set of measures for the diversification of economic activities to ensure the sustainability of the northern rural areas is proposed. It is based on a combination of traditional economic activities with new for the Russian North crop (primarily gardening), berries and mushrooms plantations, as well as the development of ecological and ethnographic tourism and the souvenirs production. Such diversification will allow attracting human capital to rural areas, especially facilitating arriving of young people and thus ensuring the long-term sustainability of rural areas.
In economic literature (textbooks, educational and methodical grants, scientific articles and monographs) often the same economic categories are interpreted in different ways. It concerns enterprises (organizations): their entities, references to forms of managing and forms of business. It leads to misunderstanding as students, graduate students, and direct toilers of the village. Authors tried to disclose groundlessness of these provisions and to state the point of view on the touched issue. The general signs of the agricultural enterprise (organization) are: set of the workers united by the general process of work, the purposes and tasks of production division and enterprise in general; set of the fixed and current assets of production allowing to organize performance of productions; set of relations of production between workers (the relations of property, distribution, management, etc.).
Methods of research of economic development of the enterprise, industry, region or country are widely covered in the scientific literature. They cover both theoretical approaches in the form of a set of principles, norms, methods of knowledge, and practical activities of economic entities. The formation of a holistic mechanism to attract additional sources of funding in the agricultural sector of subsidized regions of the country to achieve priority socio-economic development in the transition to a socially oriented model of the economy involves the development of a phased system of measures. Based on the analysis of modern Russian and regional practices, trends to improve it in the long and short term, it will be necessary to develop regulatory documents to stimulate the creation of pools of regional banks of rental and productive regions within the Federal districts for the provision of syndicated loans, as well as to clarify the procedure for the formation of reserves for possible losses on loans for enterprises of the agricultural sector, reducing their size.; creation and implementation of the system of regional and regional futures contracts in the regional agricultural market; stimulation and activation of the leasing development process. The conducted researches allowed drawing conclusions and recommendations according to which even in modern conditions unfavourable for economic development depressive and subsidized regions, such as Kurgan region, have a powerful potential and significant untapped reserves for economic restructuring.
On the basis of comparing the results of the last two Russian agricultural censuses, the changes that occurred during the ten-year period in the size and structure of agricultural land by type of land in the whole country and in the context of the main categories of farms are revealed. An assessment of these changes is given, and a number of reasons behind them are revealed. Increase in specific weight of an arable land in the areas of agricultural grounds and growth of a share of crops in arable land are connected with change in territorial placement of agricultural production in favour of regions with rather best soil climatic conditions and with higher ploughed of agricultural grounds. Process of reduction of the areas of agricultural grounds for the studied period is fully not suspended. Violations of structure of evidence-based crop rotations, a high share (to 70‰) long-term herbs in acreage Pskov Novgorod Tver, Yaroslavl, a high share grain (up to 80‰), wheat (up to 60‰) in the Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kurgan region, Stavropol Krai are noted.
In modern conditions of domestic agriculture development, the issue of provision of agricultural producers with equipment is particularly relevant, since the availability of modern technology is a prerequisite for achieving food security, increasing export potential, innovative development, increasing the competitiveness of the industry in the domestic and world markets, and increasing the income of agricultural producers. The article contains a statistical assessment of the technical component of the resource potential of agriculture in Russia over a long period in the conditions of transition to a market economy, as well as a more detailed consideration of the availability of equipment by categories of farms for 2006-2016. The last decade is characterized by increased government support for the industry, which is reflected in the data obtained as a result of the agricultural censuses in 2006 and 2016. The lack of opportunities for most agricultural producers to upgrade equipment and its reduction in agricultural organizations, as well as an increase in the sown area in the farming sector with a slight increase in tractors and combines led to an increase in the load per unit of equipment that negatively affects the efficiency of agricultural production.
The article is devoted to the study of the development of the digital economy as a component of the information society in Russia in the framework of the implementation of government programs. Statistical methods of the analysis are applied: alignment of the time series using the least squares method, calculation of the time series indicators, method of statistical grouping, calculation of variation and concentration indicators. Trends in the level of basic indicators of the digital economy infrastructure are revealed in terms of personal computers, use of the global Internet and web-sites of organizations. Regional differences in the conditions of formation and degree of functioning of the digital economy were devoted; there were highlighted groups of regions with low and high level of development of the infrastructure of the digital economy, the implementation of digital transactions and the availability of content. The conclusion is drawn that the indicators defined in the Development strategy of information society are partially reached only in certain regions. Level of costs of information and communication technologies per capita on subjects of Russia has low degree of concentration. Differences in the level of development of digital economy on regions more are explained by the unequal entry natural and developed social and economic conditions. The necessity of a differentiated by territories approach to determining the priority directions of using funds for the development of information and communication technologies in accordance with the selected structural elements of the system.
The main characteristic features of the present stage of development of scientific and technical progress are connected with automation and a computerization of production. The expediency of this process has to be followed by the corresponding economic assessment of technical means, development and improvement of a technique of determination of efficiency. Research establishments, scientists of various scientific economic schools constantly work on problems of assessment of efficiency of results of scientific and technical progress. In article methodological positions which could provide with bigger reliability the actual value of new opening, inventions, improvement suggestions, creations of innovative technologies and technical means are analyzed. New techniques and methods of calculation of efficiency are developed, the introduced actions of scientific and technical progress in conditions of constantly changing social and economic situation, external and internal conditions of managing of subjects of national economy are specified. Theoretical researches allowed to draw a conclusion on need of improvement of methodical approaches to economic assessment of agricultural machinery taking into account the corresponding conditions of course of agrarian production, an economic situation, both rural producers, and market conditions, the prices of agricultural products.
Development of agriculture on the basis of introduction of technical and technological innovations is actively discussed among theorists and practitioners of agrarian production. Possibilities of increase in production efficiency in the conditions of active application of technical and technological innovations are obvious. At the same time debatable are many questions. In particular, how modern agricultural producers are ready by the financial opportunities and the level of development of production to realization of a course on innovative development? Official statistical data confirm high debt load of landowners that limits their opportunities for active introduction of high-capital-intensive technical and technological innovations in production. In addition, on the basis of data of the All-Russian agricultural census, the insignificant specific weight of the agricultural producers who were really putting into practice innovative technologies is visible. Thus, for activization of introduction of technical and technological innovations the corresponding basis, due to improvement of a regulatory framework has to be created. It is more rational to begin introduction of technical and technological innovations not in the sphere of small and average agribusiness, and in specialized structures, for example in tractor stations within which it is possible to provide higher level of loading of the innovative equipment that will promote growth of efficiency of capital investments in an innovation.
For many years in our country at various levels there has been a discussion about the existing disproportions of the labour market between supply and demand for specialists in the field of economics and management. An even more acute controversy has unfolded in the expert community regarding the feasibility of training managerial personnel in agrarian universities. In this article, the authors attempted to identify the causes of the formation of these deformations of the labour market, and on the basis of the scenario approach to analyze the possible vectors for the further development of the conjuncture of this market in the context of the general state of the country's economy. The results of consideration of the proposed scenarios for the formation of demand and supply in different models of interaction of participants in relations in the labour market, made it possible to formulate a number of proposals aimed at improving the quality of training management personnel for the agro-industrial complex.