This article analyzes the development of the vegetable industry in Russia. An assessment is given to production and consumption of products of vegetable and melon cultures in compliance with the recommended norms of consumption and the product range in a food allowance of the person. As practice shows, even in favourable years, the consumption of vegetable products did not meet the rational standards of nutrition of vegetables. The reserves of further increase in the volume of vegetable production due to increased yields, changes in the structure of production, improving the quality of vegetables are revealed.Offers on providing the population with production of vegetable growing depending on various options are given: pessimistic and optimistic. In the pessimistic case, the increase in production cannot be achieved without additional investment. It is not a progressive method in terms of increasing vegetable production. The optimistic option involves an investment approach to solving this problem. To further increase production and provide the population with vegetable products in accordance with the recommended consumption standards, it is necessary to: increase the productivity of vegetable and melon crops; reduce the cost of material and monetary funds for growing vegetables; improve the methods of harvesting and selling vegetable products; improve the quality of vegetable products and its preservation for a long period; selection of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops that have good taste and are able to preserve nutrients during storage and industrial processing.
Food supply security can be perceived as one of the main factors of political and social stability for any country. The necessity of improving the competitive ability of agricultural production is marked as the most important purpose of economic policy both at the state and the regional levels. The most pressing problem in this case is to provide the population with quality and accessible domestic products as well as import substitution of foodstuff. Under these conditions, the main mechanism for ensuring food supply security on a sustainable basis is the self-sustained production of strategically important agricultural goods, such as bread and bakery products. The purpose of this investigation is to study the theoretical foundations and to formulate base recommendations for the complex development of the regional baking industry using the case of the Republic of Karelia. This article reveals the role of providing the population with bread and bakery products at the regional level. Along with this, there are explored the features of the combined application of project analysis’ and economic modelling’ methods to determine the optimal baking capacity placement. The baking industry of the Republic of Karelia is given as an object of research. In this study it is described the methodical approach to the creating of the development program and the territorial placement of the subjects of bakery industry. The efficiency of investment projects of bakery plants and raw distribution centres network development is assessed.
Poverty as a social problem in different degree is characteristic of any state. Solving this problem is one of the most important areas of social policy in many countries. In Russia, in the conditions of a protracted economic crisis, processes are intensifying, leading to an increase in the poverty of the population. At present, there is a critical situation, the consequences of which will affect the demographic characteristics of reproduction and the quality of the human potential of the population and may have an impact on reducing the level of security in the country. The specifics of uneven regional development only exacerbate these problems. The problem of poverty, especially of the rural population, is not adequately addressed, despite serious consequences. In this regard, the issues of sustainable development of rural areas, covering not only the economic activities of the rural population, but also socio-demographic problems, as well as issues of territorial development, are of particular relevance. The article examines the general socio-economic aspects of poverty among the population, including in rural areas. Particular attention is paid to current and controversial methods for determining poverty. The main causes and consequences of poverty for the country's economy are named. Outlined strategic and tactical areas of the struggle to improve the living standards of our citizens.
The relevance of this problem is due to the need to identify the main trends in the import of vegetables in the world and in Russia in 2002-2018. The volume of value imports of vegetables in the world in 2014-2017 by 2002-2005 increased by 2.4 times. The United States, Germany and the United Kingdom are among the top three importing countries in 2002-2017. Two-thirds of the volumes of the average annual value of imports of vegetables in the world are from 14 countries. Among them, Russia's rating changed from 14th place in 2002 to 5th place in 2011-2014, followed by a decrease to 12th place in 2017. A significant volume (70-80‰) of both value and physical imports of vegetables to Russia in 2014-2018 was imported from 5 exporting countries. In 2018, the composition of suppliers changed due to the introduction of the Russian food embargo and other factors.Prospects for further development of vegetable imports to Russia depend on a variety of conditions. Among them are external and internal political factors, the economic feasibility of import substitution in the context of future climatic and socio-demographic trends.
The article examines the mechanisms for managing the strategy of modernization of agriculture, contributing to the creation of conditions for the generation of positive production, economic, innovative, technological, social and environmental effects of digital modernization; due to the limited functions of the existing sectoral management system, contributing to its maximum efficiency, conditions are justified and options are offered for creating new institutional structures focused on upgrading the industry on the principles of state order and responsible for implementing innovative technological projects and program activities, as well as implementing digital agriculture modernization at all levels of government. The author singles out the main requirements for the architectonics being formed of the governing mechanism for implementing the strategy of agricultural modernization in the context of the transition to a digital economy; models of regional and district digitalization centres are presented as elements of the mechanism for managing the implementation of a digital modernization strategy for agricultural production; An organizational structure has been developed for managing an economic entity during the transition to project management principles in the conditions of digitalization; The levels of conjugation of interests of sectoral regional, sub regional, local governments are systematized through the level-competence explication of the functional load of various parts of the system of governance in the system “region-municipal districts-agricultural organizations”. The created regional centre of digitalization is designed to combine efforts of power structures, scientific, educational institutions and agricultural organizations in a question of carrying out modernization transformations. At the level of the agricultural organization it is offered to form project teams for realization of the specific objectives connected with implementation of digital technologies.
In article the condition of agro-industrial complex of the Kaluga region which, on a number of positions differs in high rates of development of agriculture is analyzed. Thanks to the innovative updating of the dairy industry connected with introduction of robotic complexes, the area took leader positions on production of milk in Central Federal District. In too time, innovative break in the dairy industry of the region it is reached thanks to an investment of considerable budgetary funds of the territorial subject of the federation in foreign technologies. Today Russia turns into the major player in the export market of food. By the existing external calls, once positive reaction expects on progress of the Russian agrarian and industrial complex. Drastic measures on reduction of foreign investments already became a reality. It is impossible to exclude also application of measures for restriction of deliveries of accessories, expendables and other that provides operation of the import equipment. Results of the analysis of features and trends of formation of modern agro food policy of the region allow drawing the following main conclusion. Only the uniform, balanced, harmonious policy of the regional and federal authority will allow to exclude contradictory trends and to successfully realize internal reserves of agrarian and industrial complex of all regions, providing the accelerated development of agro-industrial complex of the country, proper response to external calls and strengthening of domestic positions in the world agro food markets.
The solution to the problem of increasing the production of basic food products is directly related to improving the efficiency of agriculture and the rational use of land, which is the main means of production. There is a direct relationship between effective and efficient use. The rational use of land should be understood as the maximum effect in the implementation of land use objectives, taking into account the useful interaction of land with other natural factors. It is established that the efficiency of agricultural production in the Nizhny Novgorod region is influenced by the structure of agricultural land, specialization of the enterprise, the intensity of the use of Pasha, the productivity of dairy herd. The degree of influence on the efficiency of production of the availability of material and technical and labour resources: the availability of funds, the number of tractors per 1000 hectares of arable land, labour. These factors have a positive impact on efficiency. Increasing the efficiency of production in conditions of limited labour and material resources is possible not only by increasing the resource potential and the introduction of scientific and technological progress, but also through the fuller use of arable land. One of the tools to improve the efficiency of production is to optimize the structure of the use of arable land on the basis of economic and mathematical modeling, mathematically formalizing objects and production processes.
The practical importance of instruments of support of adoption of innovative solutions in the agrarian sector, follows from requirements of the legislation on strategic planning and the related documents of its evidence-based realization. The solution in economic science and practice can be looked for through use of methods of discounting of investment investments which in this work are corrected by models of the econometric analysis and forecasting according to financial statements of the advanced biotechnological companies of the international level. It is proved that introduction of projects on development of innovations and high technologies in agriculture are impossible without tools of assessment of their efficiency and risks for decrease in degree of uncertainty. Empirical models of strategic development of the biotechnological companies in agricultural industry are received and on the basis of it functionalities for assessment of efficiency of investments in research and development, optimization of parameters of these investments and their payback are created. The received models show high influence on financial results of the studied companies of expenses on research and development, confirming the idea about the importance of a scientific factor in forward development of economy, allow to raise degree of the description of investment processes on innovative activity of producers, modernizations of the mechanism of anticipation of biotechnological development of the agrarian sector will promote.
Agricultural entrepreneurship is represented by a variety of forms and types of business organization. The choice of the legal form of the enterprise is the most important management decision at all stages of the life cycle of the organization. The joint-stock form allows expanding economic influence by attracting capital, consolidating management efforts. The choice of this form is determined not only by legal and economic aspects, but also depends on the traditions of management, the structure of the economic mechanism that has taken shape in the specific conditions in a certain territory. The purpose of the study is to identify promising parameters of the functioning of commercial organizations in the form of joint-stock companies operating in the agrarian sector of the Amur region. The work used economic and statistical research methods - the collection, processing and synthesis of information, the calculation of indicators, comparative evaluation. The scientific value of the research results consists in identifying the effectiveness of various types of the joint-stock form of organizing business activities in the agricultural sector of a particular region.
In article the attention is focused on opportunities of development of farms on condition of updating of fixed assets due to grant support. In this article the project of highly effective production of crop production providing support of programs of development of farms by the state is considered. The analysis of operational performance of the branch of crop production in the Russian Federation is carried out. Productions of crop products in a section of farms of various categories are presented. The role of farms in ensuring food security is defined. Within the development strategy of farms authors formulated the project mission directed on creation and improvement of a steady system of production and realization of crops for the purpose of receiving profit and more effective development of small business. By calculations the project for development of farm on production of crop production pays off for the second year of implementation of the project.