In article the purpose, tasks and the principles of regional policy of social development of rural territories are formulated. Forms, methods and results of regional regulation of development of rural territories within the federal target program "Social Development of the Village till 2013" and the federal target program "Steady Development of Rural Territories for 2014-2017 and until 2020" are analysed. An assessment of methodological approaches to regional regulation of development of the rural territories provided in the state program of the Russian Federation "Complex development of rural territories" and their possible results is given.
In recent years, ethno-tourism has been gaining popularity both in the world and in the regions of Russia. From the author's point of view, it can become one of the promising directions of ethnic entrepreneurship and diversification of the rural economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Ethno-tourism has the best prospects for development in the South-Eastern regions, where the indigenous Bashkir population of the region is concentrated and its traditions and customs are better preserved. Ethnic tourism can contribute to the diversification of the rural economy, the opening of new small and medium-sized enterprises, employment and rural incomes. The authors actualized the feasibility of adjusting regional and municipal programs for socio-economic development of the village, small and medium-sized businesses, agricultural production and consumer cooperation, tourism and the inclusion of proposals for the development of ethnic entrepreneurship, ethnic cooperation and ethno-tourism.
The problems characteristic of rural areas are classified according to their origin into immediate and indirect. The following are identified as actual directions for the development of rural areas: improving the living conditions of the rural population; improvement of rural areas with objects of social and engineering infrastructure; provision of rural areas of the road infrastructure. Within these areas a number of activities are being implemented: implementation of compensation payments to rural residents for the construction or purchase of residential space; providing housing to families living in dilapidated and emergency homes; replacement and repair of gas networks; the implementation of integrated landscaping in rural areas for compact housing development; financing rural development initiatives of rural residents; construction of local roads, as well as roads of regional and inter-municipal significance to ensure access of the rural population to municipal centres, and also to objects located in the territories of other municipal districts and urban districts. The main sources of financing sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas are the federal and regional budgets. Implementation of activities is scheduled for the period from 2017 to 2020. The total financing of rural development activities amounted to 2.25 billion roubles, where the shares of the federal and regional budgets were 46.4‰ and 53.6‰ respectively.
The article deals with investment subsidies on the example of dairy farms of the European Union member States. Trends of gross and net investments of farms are analyzed, interrelations between profitability of a farm and volumes of its state support in the form of subsidies for investments and decoupled support are revealed. The process of capital growth of dairy farms, accompanied by a decrease in the number of farms observed. On the basis of the analysis it is proposed to use the mechanism of subsidizing investments of agricultural producers of the Russian Federation, along with other measures of state support.
The place and role of agriculture in the development of national economy and the development tendencies in agriculture have been identified. The main challenging agricultural issues have been determined. The article considers the changes in the indicators of agriculture and the productivity of agricultural products processing in the mid-term perspective. To evaluate a number of factors influencing the agricultural productivity, a regression analysis has been carried out through a computer software and the productivity of agriculture, rated for 2004-2018, has been accepted as a dependent variable and the number of employees engaged in agriculture, specific weight of women in the general employment of agriculture, the amount of loans provided by commercial banks to the agricultural sector and the output index (volume index) of agricultural products have been taken as an independent variable. Based on the results of the abovementioned analyses, the primary approaches and directions of using agricultural land resources and those of increasing labour productivity are recommended.
The digital economy paradigm implies the need first of all to develop a new model of the reproduction process that would fully meet the requirements of the transition to a sustainable information-industrial society and could serve as the basis for restructuring the agro-industrial complex of the country and its regions. It seems that the reproduction model, focused on the development of natural, human and replicable potentials, can meet such requirements. And this, in turn, necessitates the unification and effective correlation of three types of reproduction processes: natural, spiritual and material. Such an approach to solving this problem is currently fully justified. The deformations of the economic life of society, the distorted nature of economic relations are focused on the separation of the people, opposing the interests of the minority to the interests of the majority of the people, and not on social consolidation. The implementation of restructuring in the AIC system will require a certain amount of time, considerable resources, and the concentration of intellectual and spiritual forces. Such a unifying force can be a universal goal - sustainable development of nature, improving the quality of life of the population through the comprehensive harmonious development of man, based on the actual subordination of this goal to the potentials of nature and society: spiritual and material production, their effective correlation. For transition of regions to a way of sustainable, socially oriented development it is necessary to rely on investment income. Only having developed a present stream of financial resources in the direction of investment of the knowledge-intensive productions, it is possible to provide the steady growth of economy, increase in welfare of citizens.
The article defines the content and importance of digital transformation of agriculture as the basis for the formation of agro economics of the future, based on new principles of management of the industry at all levels. Digital transformation of agriculture is an increasing use of modern digital technologies in the sphere of communicative interactions in agribusiness between economic entities, in the sphere of interaction of subjects of agribusiness with public authorities and structures, in the management sphere. The main factors and directions of digitalization of agribusiness and public administration of agriculture and rural areas, the possibility of using digital technologies in the field of inter-economic communications and in the interaction of the state with the economic entities of the agricultural economy.
In today's world with an ever-growing population, the production of food products taking into account import substitution is a strategic task in modern conditions. The reduction of the population from rural to urban areas, the production of agricultural products in sufficient quantity and high quality, is becoming an acute problem of agriculture. In our opinion, the use of intelligent technologies will make the agricultural industry attractive for investors and producers. The introduction of intelligent technologies in production requires the reengineering of all industries associated with the production, storage, transportation and delivery of products to the consumer. The use of intelligent systems in production will minimize the use of external resources (fertilizers, chemicals, fuel) and maximize the use of local factors (bio fuels, organic matter, own energy sources, etc.).
In article problems of registration and analytical ensuring fertility of the agricultural land are considered. The studies show a negative balance of nutrients from agricultural land, that is, there is a decrease in fertility, manifested consumer nature of nature. For effective use of land resources it is necessary to develop and implement accounting, accounting data characterizing the rational use of land. For accounting of communication between indicators of use of the natural capital (land grounds) and indicators of activity of the enterprise reflection of land resources in accounting (financial) reports according to which accounting of all nutritious elements will be organized (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a humus) is offered. The results of the study confirm the need to make adjustments to the public accounting (financial) statements of agricultural organizations in the digital economy.
The formation of the competitive advantages of the region requires diagnosing the condition and analysis of resource potential of the territory. Having a similar nature-recreational and socio-economic potential of two black sea territories: Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of Crimea is facing the need to formulate future development directions. The revival of the economic foundations of the economy, the development of industrial and agricultural production, use of recreational resources republics should be carried out in conditions of balanced management of natural resources and maintaining environmental well-being in the long term. The most important component of the prevailing socio-ecological-economic system of the republics is agriculture makes a significant contribution to the competitiveness of each territory. Based on the diagnosis of statistical data and comparison of parameters characterizing the state of socio-ecological and economic systems of the Republic of Crimea and the Republic of Abkhazia, an attempt is made to assess the competitiveness of the regions, including indicators of agricultural production in 2015, taken as the basis for further future research. The base of the research consists of modern information sources of statistical data and legal acts. The complete study contains an experimental model for assessing the competitiveness of the Republic of Crimea and the Republic of Abkhazia, which uses the selected parameters to assess the existing socio-ecological and economic situation and form the competitiveness of the territories. Assessment of degree of compliance of the actual values of characteristics to desirable values from the point of view of the state is the cornerstone of the offered integrated indicator. Level of competitiveness was 72.3‰ across the Republic of Crimea and 79.5‰ on the Republic of Abkhazia that do not correspond to value, ideal in terms of the state, however the level of an integrated indicator for the Republic of Crimea is higher than an indicator for the Republic of Abkhazia for 35.2‰.