The work is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of pine needles (Pynus sylvestris) and field bindweed (Convōlvulus arvēnsis) as non-traditional feeds and components of complex fertilizers. The content of vitamins with antioxidant properties, as well as chlorophylls and phenolic compounds, were determined in needles and bindweed. We studied their effect in the composition of feeds on the biological and economic indicators of animals, and in the composition of fertilizers on plant indicators. Thus, the positive effect of pine and bindweed in the feed composition on the level of biological oxidation was established, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was recorded. Performance indicators are not statistically significantly different. The positive effect of complex fertilizers on the indicators of germination of peas and wheat was revealed. The economic efficiency of pine needles and bindweed in the production of feed and complex fertilizers is shown.
The aim of the work is to analyze the use of land resources for the period 1990 - 2016 as they are the main factor in the development of the most attractive sectors of agricultural production for investment and their further development, which contributes to the rational use of land in the agro-industrial complex. The task of the study is to identify the availability of agricultural land in various sectors of agricultural production, including arable land, human resources, means of production of the agro - industrial complex, the proximity of markets, the value of production profits. The object of the study is Kstovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is noted that a large profit per 100 hectares of agricultural land was obtained in the production of livestock and vegetable products of protected soil. These industries are more investment attractive. It is advisable to develop in the area of fodder production by involving unused land in circulation.
Human resources as the main productive force of society are an important factor of production, the rational use of which depends on the efficiency of production. The main problem of the labour market is its significant imbalance, which ultimately affects the final results of agricultural activities. It is important to note that the effective functioning of the labour market is possible only when a system of its regulation is created, which will serve as a basis for making adequate management decisions to prevent negative trends. In modern conditions of development of the digital economy there is an urgent need to design and develop a system of continuous sectoral monitoring of current and future needs of the agricultural labour market in personnel of various qualifications, including taking into account international trends and technologies. Moreover, the results of forecasting the needs of the labour market in the Federal, regional and territorial context, as well as the ratings of vocational education institutions should be communicated to the population and employers. The article deals with the creation of an effective system of regulation of the labour market in agriculture. The developed automated information system for processing data on the supply and demand of qualifications will establish close cooperation between enterprises, educational institutions and management bodies. The proposed activities will effectively address issues related to the identification of a sufficient number of trained specialists for agriculture and their subsequent employment.
The strategy of region development may conflict with the risks of economy provoked by village demography problems. The using of labour resources of agricultural enterprises may to solve the strategy tasks. The quality of labour activities determines the success of organizational and strategic measures. The problem of management of the development of the personnel of agricultural organizations should be solved at the stage of training of qualified personnel. The article presents the results of the survey of students of the Nizhny Novgorod Agricultural Academy. The prevalence among respondents of the instrumental type of motivation suggests an impact on the search for jobs with higher wages, which puts the agricultural sector in an unfavourable comparison. In terms of age groups, differences in the relevance of motives have been revealed. The identified dynamics of motivational types should be taken into account in the development of human resources development programmes. Promoting the preservation of human resources and their involvement will contribute to the development of rural and unurbanized areas
The main local producers of fresh vegetable products to the population of Nizhny Novgorod and the region are greenhouse mills "Zhdanovsky" and "Gorkovsky," but they do not provide the region with fresh vegetable products due to low yield compared to world technologies. The aim of the research was to study the LED lamp on the growth and development of cucumber in the winter greenhouse in "Zhdanovsky" of the Kstovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Yield (kg/m2) was taken into account by cucumber for the whole period of turnover. Standard and non-standard greens were counted by weight and quantity method. Cucumber productivity ranged from 25.32 kg/m2 in the 3rd variant (control) to 36.10 kg/m2 in the 2nd variant (LED and high pressure sodium lamps). The yield of standard cucumber production varied from 81.7‰ in option 2 to 95.5‰ in option 1 (LED). Vitamin C content in cucumber varied from 15.75 mg‰ in variant 3 to 17.46 mg‰ in variant 1. Sugar content in cucumber varied from 1.15‰ in variant 3 to 2.00‰ in variant 1. The lowest percentage of dry matter was accumulated in variant 2 - 3.78‰, the largest - in variant 1 - 4.13‰. The LED lamp during operation gives an advantageous effect in the form of annual savings in the amount of 1381 roubles/m2. The payback period of the LED lamp will be 2.9 years.
The increase in the proportion of high-quality beef in the Nizhny Novgorod region will increase the usefulness of people feeding high-quality meat, and will also contribute to the growth of economic and food security of the whole Volga region. This work shows the growth and development of the crossbred and purebred young of the black-and-white and Hereford breed. The economic efficiency of growing and selling purebred and crossbred bullheads of the Hereford breed up to 6,12 and 18 months of age has been substantiated, when the black-and-white breed with the Hereford bulls has been absorbed by the cows. The result of the work is the predominance of 7/8 blood of bulls over purebred black-motley on the example of the SEC "Dejanovsky" of the Pilninsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The theoretical and practical parts of the study of this issue are shown. The presented indicators of changes in live weight of hereford, black-and-varieted gobies and their hybrids (F3), as well as the dynamics of the gross, average daily and relative growth of crossbred bulls at birth and at the age of 6 months. This indicates that crossing black-and-white cows with bulls of Hereford breed allows you to get cross-bred young, with increased growth energy and higher meat productivity; it is an important task, having an important theoretical and practical value for improving the program for creating beef cattle. Profit at sale of bullies of black-and-white breed at the age of 18 months in SPK "Deyanovsky" amounted to 5755.8 rubles/head, and gereford and crossbred from 16858 to 17880.6 rubles/ head with profitability of 24.6 to 26.1‰ respectively.
The article presents a 4-level analytical review of potato development: global, country, regional and corporate. As a result, multidirectional global trends were identified and quantified. In 2017, there was a 61‰ increase in potato production in Asia and 90‰ in Africa compared to 2000. Today, 57‰ of the world's potato production is concentrated in these parts of the world. At the same time, the area of its landings in Europe decreased by 38‰, and production - by 16‰. In Russia, the dynamics of potato production and yield varies greatly from year to year. Domestic potato growing is developing in contrast and unevenly in the context of individual subjects of the Federation. The main producers of Russian potatoes are the farms of the population. They account for 68‰ of the second bread production. This hinders the development of the industry. In micro-households, innovation and technological breakthrough is impossible in principle. The Nizhny Novgorod region is an exception - it managed to reverse the situation. In the region successfully developed the industrial production of potatoes. Not only holding companies, but also small and medium-sized businesses are the actors of modernization of the industry.
Ice cream is one of the favourite desserts of all segments of the population of Russia. Ice cream and frozen desserts, which are represented on the consumer market by varieties of different degrees of fat and nutritional value, with a variety of additives and fillers, occupy the leading positions in the level of consumption in the spring and summer period of the year in the segment of industrial products. Currently, in Nizhny Novgorod region ice cream is produced by 28 enterprises with different production volumes and financial and economic indicators. The most popular ice cream release format to this day is ice cream in a waffle cup, which is becoming increasingly diverse and even refined in fillers, flavours and tastes. According to Nizhny Novgorod, in the period 2015-2017 there was a decrease in the consumer price index for this type of dairy product, but according to forecasts for 2018, this trend will take the opposite direction with an increase of 3.97‰. Based on the identified trends, it can be assumed that the Russian and Nizhny Novgorod ice cream markets will continue their development in the coming years, which will not be accompanied by a significant growth in sales volumes (according to experts, the growth rate will be about 8-10‰ annually), but there will be qualitative changes related to the allocation and development of new market segments. The influence of various factors on the efficiency of ice cream production is confirmed by the results of research of the activity of LLC "Kalinov Most" for 2016-2017. Analyzing the volume of sales in quantitative terms, it can be said that the volume of sale of escimo and ice cream in plastic baths has more than 2 times, which indicates a marked increase in demand for these products.
The article analysed existing methods of uncertainty assessment, highlighted their advantages and disadvantages. The risk assessment methods and indicators used are based on a subjective definition of the level of risk, which cannot positively affect the accuracy and validity of the indicator. Therefore, a universal methodology was developed and proposed, including step-by-step quantitative and qualitative risk assessment. In order to estimate possible losses as a result of a risk situation, we have developed and proposed a coefficient of possible losses in conditions of uncertainty. The use of the methodology allows assessing the efficiency of agricultural production and possible risks of losses, to choose the most acceptable way of development of the enterprise, taking into account possible risk losses. The relationship between the profit from the sale of agricultural products per 1 rubles of investments and investments per 100 hectares of agricultural land, possible losses from the onset of a risk situation is shown. The head of the farm, based on an assessment of the probability of alternatives and available resources, selects an investment level suitable for the optimal cost-effectiveness parameters.
The recent U.S. Farm Bill was developed by the Administration of Donald Trump, adopted by Congress at the end of 2018 and identified the main priorities and measures of the state agrarian policy for the next five years. The analysis of its content allows considering the importance of the agricultural sector and the degree of attention to it by the state. The article examines the structure and individual sections of the law, the assessment of changes provided by the legislator in the regulation of certain areas of agrarian policy. The analysis indicates that the 2018 agricultural law continues the trend of strengthening the role of the state in the agricultural sector, which is observed regardless of the party affiliation of the U.S. administrations.