The wide spectrum of interpretations has determinations of essence of concept "Domestic consumer services", that it contingently first of all the practical aspects of this type of activity. Development of the examined industry was on the second half of the XX century and this stage she is in the active process of development, giving an opportunity to realization of labour potential to the wide circles of population, because suppose the individual forms of activity or forming of small enterprises. The given is exceptionally important exactly for rural territories of our country. To date the basic signs of enterprises of domestic consumer services are certain, the row of researchers also examine the different going near classification of domestic services on the base of different signs. Sphere of domestic consumer services, as any sphere of activity supposes a normatively-legal base, on the basis of that all processes wrap-round this industry come true.
The article considers the development of individual territories of the Perm Territory in the context of activating the processes of social infrastructure development. In particular, the results of the expert group of representatives of the municipal level of management of the Perm municipal area as a territory combining settlements of different levels of development are presented. The choice of experts is connected with the fact that decisions of local representative and executive authorities play an important role in the activities of local governments in the implementation of the tasks of the formation of the social infrastructure of a territory. These bodies create and approve relevant regulatory documents, as well as perform other important functions and tasks for the development of social infrastructure, paying more attention to industry conditions. The theoretical basis of the work was a differentiated approach to the development of territories, which allowed a targeted approach to analysis, denoting four types of development of the social infrastructure of territories. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that the development of all the examined territories proceeds relatively evenly, each of them has a sufficient number of social infrastructure development projects for a strategic perspective, which confirms the decisive role of social infrastructure in the development of the territories of the Perm municipal district of the Perm Territory.
At the present stage of development, the institutional and legal foundations of building state support for exports and defining the boundaries of interaction with private companies are of particular interest to the agrarian economy of Russia. World export competition in the food market is forcing countries to develop the regulatory framework in the field of export promotion and determining the importance of the country in the global food market. In this aspect, the experience of the European Union and Germany is of particular interest. Trade policy consists of establishing the legislative and institutional framework for direct financial contributions, the procedure for writing off debts, soft loans, as well as guarantees and tax benefits. The legal framework of European countries is related to the WTO agreement, regulatory acts of the EU and OECD countries. The growing German export volumes annually demonstrate the effectiveness of measures taken to stimulate exports. The institutional infrastructure for supporting German exporters includes: economic departments at the German diplomatic missions, a network of chambers of commerce, as well as industry and trade centres. The tools of financial and non-financial support for agricultural exports of Germany, systematized in the article. It is useful for the development legal system of the Russian Federation in the field of agricultural economy.
Some measures and mechanisms for enhancing investment activity in agriculture of certain foreign countries are considered. The ways of their adaptation and use in the domestic agricultural sector of the economy are shown. The scientific provision is defended that one of the real directions of organization of investment activities of Russian agricultural producers may be the use of preferential rental land use for a long period, but at the same time the land lessor should be the state represented by the operator established by it (for example, the "State Land Agency").
The article discusses the features of the use of digital technologies of processes and production in animal husbandry. The use of intelligent milking control systems eliminates the influence of the human factor and allows performing operations in strict compliance with the physiological condition of animals. In recent years, more than 90‰ of machines for mechanization of processes on newly created farms and complexes are purchased by import, the cost of which is 2-3 times higher than domestic ones. Extremely high investments for the acquisition of innovative equipment, its installation and maintenance at the low level of wages in the agricultural sector of Russia, do not allow to reduce the costs of milking cows due to the saving of labour costs. Creation and organization of production of new automated equipment at domestic enterprises allows reducing the specific cost of machines by 1.7-2.0 times compared to purchased imported technical means. The use of digital automated technologies is also a condition for increasing the productivity of animals and poultry, reducing the costs of production of products. Research is needed to clarify technological, environmental and economic parameters for the creation of automatically controlled technical means, digitalization in sub-sectors of livestock production.
It is shown, that the basic attribute of distinction between scientific and technical development (scientific and technological revolution) and progress (Scientifically - technical progress) is a degree of influence on branch in which they occur, defined keywords: «Development "and" progress». In the first case it is supposed, that transition from one condition in another is by all means necessary, and in the second - only is possible. Absence until recently the statistical information about «to a science and innovative activity» for an agriculture as independent branch is marked. It is emphasized, that for an estimation of a level of development of agriculture, it is necessary to apply adequate economic parameters and criteria. Some researchers suggest using «a gold rule», describing condition and development of branch or the organization in these purposes. Own variant of such criterion is offered. The executed research shows, that the modern problem of pension system has arisen because of ignoring by its developers of an event in the country of scientific and technical progress as a result of which alive work is superseded, the wages are rather reduced and the parity between pensioners and working citizens increases. As the Pension fund is formed due to insurance payments from the added wages (fund of a payment) the opportunity of a provision of pensions is quite naturally narrowed. A source of financing of pension system should be a payment not reduced rather (cost of a labour), and its result - the increasing added cost.
It is known, that in the last years in some cities of Russian Federation (RF) were registered outbreaks of natural focal and particularly dangerous infections. In these cases the source of the causative agents of the infections were domestic animals (pets) and synanthropic animals, that inhabit near human dwellings, on the territory of household and production objects and on the territories of the cities. Nizhniy Novgorod region remains an unfavourable territory for rabies for many years. The functioning of this disease as a parasitic system occurs with participation of wild, domestic and agricultural animals, and also human. In connection with it, we set a goal: to study particularities of epizootic manifestation of this infection and, in particular, the extent of spread and endemicity (enzooticity). In the work we used the complex epizootological approach; the last includes the modern methods of epizootological diagnostic of animals’ diseases. The objects of the research were: unfavourable area and epizootic pocket of rabies infection in Nizhniy Novgorod region, and also domestic animals and wild carnivores (flesh-eating animals). In this article we represented comparative analysis of epizootic situation for rabies in Nizhniy Novgorod region for 2001-2017 years, and also for the first half-year 2018 year. During our research it was installed, that in Nizhniy Novgorod region rabies is characterized by pronounced territorial and population limits, with expressed tendency to expansion of the limits. So, in 2011 was noted 34 facts, and in 2018, 43 facts of rabies. We installed, that infection of rabies is territorial timed to some districts of the region, where 64.1‰ of the total number of reported cases occur in foxes; the last confirms the data about original incipience of rabies into the wild nature, with the vector of subsequent dissemination.
In conditions of growing intensification of animal husbandry, often occurs violation of the rules for keeping, feeding and using animals, this is stressful for animal organism. Under such conditions, metabolic processes are disordered, nonspecific resistance and immunity in general are reduced, profound changes in the physiological functions of organs occur, this leads to the emergence of diseases of various etiologies, and in the absence of proper treatment, to the death of animals, as a result of which enterprises receive less profit or causing material damage. It is known that to get healthy calves, immunomodulating drugs can be used to down-calving cows. Sometimes the price of immunomodulatory drugs is high, and may not be comparable with a positive effect on the body. This article assesses the economic efficiency of using polyoxidonium for down-calving cows to stimulate colostral immunity and non-specific resistance in newborn calves. Clinical and physiological indices of test cows and calves were within the limits of physiological norms, and the use of polyoxidonium did not have a pronounced effect on them. The economic efficiency of the polyoxidonium preparation to deep-walled cows amounted to 3 rubles 41 kopeks per 1 ruble of costs.
Regulation of unclaimed land shares is reflected as one of the results of the ongoing land reform. The peculiarities of the procedure for transferring the mentioned land resource to public ownership are shown. The proposals to preserve the purpose of this category of land shares in real agricultural production are substantiated. It is necessary to optimize the process of transfer of unclaimed land shares to real agricultural producers. Specific recommendations to change the current version of the Federal law "On the turnover of agricultural land", aimed at creating guaranteed opportunities for agricultural organizations and peasant (farmer) farms to acquire unclaimed land shares in order to carry out their economic activities. Local authorities should inform agricultural organizations and peasant (farm) farms of the possibility of acquiring land shares, and in case of their failure by agricultural producers to transfer land allocated for unclaimed land shares to the district land redistribution fund.
It is necessary to introduce new agricultural technologies aimed at reducing production costs. In the Nizhny Novgorod region in the southern and South-Eastern regions, energy-saving technologies are used. The main costs of grain cultivation differ considerably depending on the cultivation technology, the amount of mineral and organic fertilizers introduced. The studies have allowed to establish that, despite the cost reduction of 2.1-2.3 times the profitability of production was characterized by lower values compared to traditional technologies (50 vs. 63-79‰), since there was a significant decrease in productivity of grain crops and deterioration of grain quality, which affects its value. The increase in costs associated with the introduction of organic (60 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (120 kg of active ingredient/ha) on the site number 4 with a maximum value of bonus points (89 units) was accompanied by an increase in yield (+8 C/ha) and an increase in sales profitability from 39 to 44‰ due to higher fertility and a positive balance of humus.