HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CROP PRODUCTION)

DOI 10.32651/197-28

Issue № 7, 2019, article № 6, pages 28-33

Section: Historical sketches

Language: Russian

Original language title: ИСТОРИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА (РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВА)

Keywords: INNOVATION, DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGM, TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN AGRICULTURE, TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE, CLASSICAL AGRICULTURE, HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE

Abstract: The article presents the author's periodization of the technological development of agriculture (crop production). The periodization is based on the developed classification of innovations and technologies, the main nodes of which are the following concepts: innovation and its types, diffusion of innovations, and technological paradigm. The following groups of technologies and corresponding types of radical innovations have been singled out: 1) the technological paradigm of the industry in question (revolutionary and sustaining innovations); 2) potential revolutionary technologies (potential revolutionary innovations); 3) alternative technologies (alternative radical innovations: disruptive innovations and non-traditional innovations); 4) unused technologies (outdated radical innovations, failed radical innovations). According to this classification, the following historical periods in the technological development of agriculture have been suggested: 1) traditional agriculture (based on practical everyday knowledge of pre-scientific agronomy, with the use of human and animal energy and corresponding tools, with the application of organic fertilizers; up to the 19th century, while the 19th century can be considered as a transition period); 2) classical agriculture - mechanized agriculture based on the knowledge of scientific agronomy, with the application of mineral and organic fertilizers and pesticides, with the use of selective breeding, but without genetic engineering (from the mid-20th century to the 90s; the first half of the 20th century is a transition period); 3) high-tech agriculture (has been forming since the 90s of the 20th century; includes technologies of precision, digital, smart and robotic agriculture, and the production of genetically modified agricultural products).

Authors: Korotchenia Valerii Mikhailovich