The upcoming changes in strengthening the scientific and methodological leadership of the Russian Academy of Sciences by scientific organizations and universities should fundamentally improve the demand for scientific research in the real sector of the economy and raise the prestige of science in the country. This fully applies to agricultural science with its problems and features of development, first of all, to solve numerous problems of reliably ensuring national food security. She will not only have to overcome chronic shortcomings in her development as soon as possible, but also ensure the development of fundamental and applied scientific research, timely carry out methodological, organizational, economic and personnel restructuring, using various, but the most effective forms of interaction with government organizations, universities and agribusiness. It is in many respects that the effective use of the potential of agricultural science will depend on how first of all the agro-industrial complex will be able to respond to global challenges, use its competitive advantages, neutralize weaknesses and strengthen strengths in the development of agro-industrial production, rural areas, as well as maintain, strengthen and expand partnerships primarily with friendly countries to reliably ensure national food security. In relation to modern conditions, to solve this problem, at least four major priority and at the same time interrelated tasks will have to be more actively solved: the formation and effective use of human resources that can ensure the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex and its individual industries; sustainable rural development; rational use of significant land resources; development of interstate cooperation of the country.
The article is devoted to the issues of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy in the context of the aggravation of the geopolitical situation and the increasing sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. The main factor in the growth of production and productivity is investment, including in innovation. In recent years, there has been stagnation in the investment process in agriculture. The authors note that despite the observed increase in government support, there is a decrease in profitability, the price index of agricultural producers lags behind the price dynamics of related sectors of the agro-industrial complex, as well as prices on the consumer market, which does not fully ensure the sustainable functioning of agricultural producers. In addition, the tax burden on agriculture has not changed in recent years and does not make it possible to fully implement the necessary investment policy. To assess the level of influence of these factors on investment development, as well as to determine the parameters of tools for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, the authors have developed an economic and mathematical model describing the relationship between the dynamics of agricultural production, investments in fixed assets of agriculture and key factors ensuring sustainable growth of the agricultural economy. The model showed the need to adjust the current economic mechanism in agriculture. In this regard, the authors propose measures aimed at improving the instruments of economic regulation in accordance with the national development goals of the Russian Federation.
The article examines individual documents of the Union program for the formation of a unified agrarian policy of the Union State. Industry models of innovative development are listed, which describe the development of industry organizations through the use of various innovations. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework, strategic directions have been identified on which further integration processes in the agricultural sector of the Union State should be based. A draft model of a Belarusian-Russian cross-border sugar production cluster has been proposed, since the development of interstate cooperation in the beet-sugar sub complex will speed up the process of its innovative development. The prospects for innovative development, including the agro-industrial complex, in the context of deepening integration processes in the EAEU and the Union State are highlighted.
The purpose of the study was to study the development models of large integrated agro-industrial formations in the Russian economy, as well as to substantiate the most effective of them. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the author's approach to the development of large integrated agro-industrial formations, based on the analysis of established standard models of development of these economic entities, the theoretical justification of the most effective development models, as well as the study of practical experience in creating large integrated formations in the Russian agro-industrial complex. The objectives and development models of the five largest integrated agro-industrial formations in Russia, such as the Miratorg Agro-Industrial Complex, the N.I. Tkachev Agrocomplex JSC, the Prodimex Group of Companies, the Rusagro Group of Companies, and the EkoNiva-APK Agricultural Holding, are analyzed. It is highlighted that currently the main goal of development in companies is technological modernization of production, reduction of import dependence, development of exports of manufactured products. The main model for the development of large integrated formations is the construction of holding-type organizations. The study analyzes the business model of a large integrated entity of the Agricultural holding "EkoNiva-APK". According to the author, difficult economic and geopolitical conditions, as well as the possibilities of large-scale production, make large organizations the undisputed leaders of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy. The rapid return on investment, high production efficiency, the possibility of technological modernization and import substitution, as well as the availability of state support allow these structures to enter new horizons of development. Creation of super-large organizations with an area of agricultural land of more than 100 thousand. hectares are a reality today, and ensuring a high level of digitalization of production and management processes in large integration formations is another competitive advantage compared to small and medium-sized forms of management.
Small forms of farming in rural areas make a significant contribution to the development of agricultural production. The agricultural products produced by these business structures, although not always compete with the products of large agricultural enterprises, significantly complement their range. In this work, using the example of the Kurgan region, an analysis of the dynamics of agricultural output by all forms of farms in the region is carried out, special attention is paid to the production of main types of products by small farms in the Trans-Ural region. The dynamics of the number of peasant (farm) households and individual entrepreneurs in the Kurgan region, as well as the volumes of grant support funds issued to them, are analyzed. The rating of municipal districts of the region in receiving budget funding by beginning farmers and heads of peasant farms has been highlighted, with two leading districts identified. The authors noted that for the period 2019-2023. The number of grants issued to agricultural producers in the region has almost doubled, and the total amount of funding transferred to grant recipients has increased more than 3 times. The article classifies the types of grant assistance currently existing in the Trans-Ural region for farmers in the region, defines the categories of grant recipients and the conditions for submitting amounts of state support to agricultural producers. In modern economic conditions, when almost every region is faced with sanctions pressure, effective and efficient solutions are urgently needed to support small businesses in rural areas, including in the Kurgan region. In addition to carrying out currently existing measures to support small-scale agricultural producers in the region, new, anti-crisis ones should be added to them every year.
The article presents a detailed analysis of the practice of determining the cadastral value of agricultural land plots within the framework of the state cadastral valuation, carried out in 2022. Structured detailed data on how employees of budgetary institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation perform each stage of the cadastral valuation process of agricultural land can serve as the basis for developing an automation strategy at the federal level for calculating the cadastral value of agricultural land with an income approach.
The results of the FSBSI CSAL scientific work for updating and replenishing the Information Retrieval Thesaurus on Agriculture and Food (IRPT) with new vocabulary to ensure accurate display of the content of documents in the indexing process, unified data presentation, adequate description of subject areas, effective thematic search and its adaptation in the OPAC-Global ILS are presented. The advantages of a simplified form for inputting new thesaurus concepts and editing previously created ones in this ILS are given, which make it possible to significantly simplify the work and reduce the number of operations required to create language entries of terms and thereby increase the labour efficiency of an indexer. The study enriched greatly the ILS content with new vocabulary in the following thematic areas: plant protection, zoology, forestry, food and the processing industry. As a result of the work performed, there has been formed a new version of the ILS containing 67088 lexical units (LU). More than 31380 LU are scientific (Latin) names of organisms. In total about 2,700 LU were corrected (added, changed, deleted). There were added 1,322 LU with the status of a synonym, of which 1,094 LU are scientific names of organisms. The updated version of the thesaurus, which includes new terminology, makes it possible to adequately describe the subject areas, accurately disclose the content of a document during its scientific processing and is an effective means of indexing and thematic search. The creation and development of ILS corresponds to the current level of thesaurus development. The volume of the ILS, the development of its language entries, and the semantic links of terms presented in it allow for a fairly complete description of the subject areas relating to agriculture, the food industry and related disciplines.
Artificial intelligence systems are becoming an integral part of modern technical systems, while the issues of their use in agricultural machines and equipment remain insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to analyze research in the field of application of artificial intelligence systems in agricultural machinery and equipment. An analysis of publications on the identified problem in scientific citation databases was carried out. It has been established that the main areas of application of artificial intelligence systems in agricultural machinery and equipment are the positioning of working parts of agricultural machinery, unmanned agricultural machinery and predictive analytics in predicting possible breakdowns. The main directions for using artificial intelligence systems within these areas are highlighted, and the main economic effects are determined. Specific recommendations are given for the use of artificial intelligence systems to reduce costs and time for maintenance, prevent downtime due to breakdowns, increase the accuracy of operations, and increase labor productivity.
In recent years, the development of scientific and technological progress in dairy cattle breeding has been carried out under the influence of public administration and the economic mechanism of management. Achievements in the development of the industry were obtained through the use of innovative technologies based on the use of highly efficient means of mechanization and automation, and the improvement of breeding work. This made it possible to increase the economic efficiency and competitiveness of domestic dairy cattle breeding. However, the strengthening of negative macroeconomic and geopolitical processes, the introduction of new sanctions and restrictions in the field of trade and economic cooperation and the interaction forces the development of domestic achievements of science and practice. The directions for the development of technical progress, a system of machines for mechanization and automation of processes in animal husbandry for the next 10-15 years, developed in recent years by teams of engineering institutes under the leadership of the FNAC VIM, contain recommendations and proposals for the creation of new domestic equipment, the use of which will completely eliminate dependence on imports and ensure the use of highly effective technologies for the production of livestock products. Based on the analysis of official foreign trade statistics on the volume, structure and directions of imports of pedigree material into our country, an assessment of the import dependence of Russian dairy cattle breeding on genetic resources is shown in the pedigree section and mechanisms of economic and state influence are proposed to overcome the influence of external factors on the development of the industry.
The article analyzes milk consumption in the Siberian Federal District for the period from 2018 to 2022. The obtained values are compared with the normative ones. The closeness of the correlation between the consumption of milk and dairy products with other food products has been established. The correlation and regression analysis made it possible to formalize the dependence of the average per capita consumption of milk and dairy products on the average per capita production. The dynamics of milk production is estimated, the place of the Siberian Federal District in the total volume of dairy production in the Russian Federation as a whole is determined. A structural analysis of milk production in the regions of the Siberian Federal District has been carried out. The assessment of milk self-sufficiency in the Siberian Federal District and its regions is given. A critical analysis of individual measures of state support for dairy production at the regional level has been carried out.