In the context of the ever-increasing sanctions pressure on Russia, it is necessary to have tools for forecasting key indicators of agricultural development, determining the degree of differentiation of regions by the level of efficiency and statistically significant models of the regression relationship of factor and performance characteristics of the industry. These tools and methods of statistical analysis will allow not only to support the solution of issues of food security and export potential, but also the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation as a whole and its individual subjects. This study confirms the presence of cyclical fluctuations in grain yields in Russia every 10 years. An accurate forecast of grain yields for the next two years, as one of the most important export products of our country, has been built. The auto regression model proposed in the article can be used to predict performance indicators not only at the country level, but also at the level of a region, enterprise or individual unit. Based on the multiple regression model, the key factors determining the change in grain yield are identified. High indicators of association between dependent and independent variables (correlation and determination coefficients) allowed us to establish that among the selected factors, the most significant impact on the yield during the study period from 2006 to 2020 is provided by the introduction of mineral fertilizers, the amount of state support, the ratio of investments of regional and federal budgets, climatic conditions. As a result of the implementation of cluster analysis, 5 clusters were identified according to the level of agricultural efficiency. Out of the total of 77 regions studied, 42 regions were assigned to clusters with a low level of agricultural efficiency. These subjects are of particular interest because they have a high potential to increase efficiency, and hence the volume of agricultural production.
The relevance of the study of the integration potential of interorganizational interaction between agribusiness enterprises is explained by the urgent need to develop and implement new tools to increase their level of efficiency and economic security in today's unstable political and economic conditions. In modern conditions of a market economy, the effectiveness of the functioning of an organization depends on the availability of information, analytical and accounting tools to support managerial decision-making. New business tools based on best practices in the field of management accounting, promising digital solutions require the improvement of theoretical, methodological and methodological aspects of the management accounting system for interorganizational interaction. The article reveals the possibilities and limitations of interorganizational interaction of agribusiness organizations in terms of their integration potential. The key manifestations inherent in interorganizational interaction are clarified on the example of integrated structures of the agro-industrial complex.
In the human diet, meat products are one of the most important food products containing protein of animal origin. In order to provide sufficient food for the population of the country, its own production of meat resources is of great importance. The article evaluates the formation of meat resources in Russia, including in the territorial context. There is a tendency to decrease the number and volume of production of cattle meat. Over the past thirty years, due to a significant (3.2 times) reduction in the number of livestock, the volume of meat production in farms of all categories has decreased by 2.6 times. The low specific weight of specialized meat and mixed cattle in the volume of production reduces the quality of the meat resources formed. Specialized beef cattle breeding is spatially unevenly distributed across the regions of the country. In recent years, imports of meat products have been declining in Russia. Based on the study, the main problems that hinder the full provision of meat resources to the population of the country are identified and conceptual ways to solve them are determined.
The article presents a model for estimating the emission of CO2 carbon dioxide emitted by the soil in the regions of Russia during the cultivation of agricultural crops. Currently, there is a lack of instrumental and technological means for measuring CO2 emissions in the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, there is a limited amount of data on emissions in scientific and industry periodicals. The current situation expands the prospects for using statistical models for estimating emissions for various plant species and soil types. Among the models in domestic and foreign periodicals, the most frequently mentioned are: the DNDC simulation model, ROTHC and the ROMUL-Hum model of soil organic matter dynamics. The presented two-level statistical model is based on a function of the Cobb-Douglas equation type and applies known estimates of CO2 emissions in a particular region of the Russian Federation. The model uses the existing relationships between estimates of CO2 emissions for different types of soils and different types of crops, hydrothermal parameters of regions. At the first stage of modeling, coefficients are searched for in the function of the dependence of CO2 emission estimates on the factors under consideration and the subsequent filling in of tables of emission estimates in regions for different crops and types of soils.
The strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of the agro-industrial and fisheries sectors of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, the main goal is to achieve "digital maturity" in the field of agro-industrial and fisheries complexes. The ongoing digitalization of fisheries research in the near future will lead to a multiple increase in the volume of information collected. The need for its accumulation, processing and storage requires the creation of databases of scientific data and management systems for these databases. The article considers the need to update the All-Russian classifier of products by types of economic activity (OKPD 2) in terms of fish products, which contributes to filling other forms of federal reporting with an expanded list of aquatic biological species, which makes it possible to track the movement of fish products by type in the domestic market when moving from fishing areas to central regions and control the complete chain of use of raw materials from catch to consumption. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for unification and harmonization of national and international systems of description and coding of goods. For the fisheries sector, this comparability is of particular importance due to such reasons as the high share of export-import operations in the total turnover of the Russian fisheries, significant differences in the species composition of Russian catches and processing methods from the corresponding foreign indicators, as well as significant differences in national statistical accounting and classification of fish products.
The article considers the results of analytical and experimental studies of the directions of improving agricultural technologies in crop production, agriculture and agro chemistry using modern and promising agricultural machines developed and produced by the leading agricultural machine-building enterprise for trailed machinery in Russia (Samara) - Eurotekhnika JSC with intellectual, digital management of the workflow. These are machines for differentiated application of solid and liquid mineral rhodium, taking into account the heterogeneity of fertility on the field and the directed, dosed use of pesticides, sowing with a changing seeding rate during operation, etc. The transition of the agro-industrial complex to intelligent technologies using machines with digital control will significantly increase the productivity of crops, the quality of products produced and efficiency.
The development of digital technologies is becoming a necessary factor in the development of dairy cattle breeding, as evidenced by the experience of dairy farms in the Leningrad region. Dairy complexes with loose keeping of cows and milking in milking parlors, with livestock from 800 to 1500 cows, with a level of milk productivity over 9,000 kg, form the basis of dairy cattle breeding in the region. A high level of milk productivity and milk quality with a loose type of content and a large livestock is achieved through the extensive development of digital technologies in breeding and breeding work, herd management, organization of feeding, milking, storage and shipment of milk. At the same time, the relevance of the integrated development of digital technologies in feed production is growing for the production of high-quality bulky feed in the required volumes in accordance with the requirements of the feeding rations of highly productive cows, which is one of the necessary prerequisites for reducing the cost of milk, increasing the period of productive economic use of cows, income from the sale of breeding young, milk production volumes.
Agriculture occupies a certain niche in the economy of the EAEU countries, its condition has an impact on the standard of living of a third of the population. Agriculture is a promising area of mutual cooperation and the development of exports of products with high added value. The largest share of agriculture in the GDP structure is observed in Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, also in these countries there is a high share of people employed in agriculture, and the share of agriculture in gross value added is 13.5 and 14.0%, respectively. In these countries, more than 90% of products are created by small forms of management, in Kazakhstan, the share of small forms of management accounts for 76%. The main producers of agricultural products in Russia and Belarus are agricultural organizations of various forms of ownership, they account for 60% and 80% respectively in the structure of production. The laws on cooperation and programs in force in each country have not led to an increase in the coverage of the majority of commodity producers by cooperatives, as in foreign countries with a developed cooperative system, where most of the commodity producers are members of at least one cooperative. Co-operatives are created mainly for the purpose of obtaining financial support from international organizations or the State. The members of the existing cooperatives have a low commitment to its activities. The development of the cooperative system provides for an appropriate legislative framework, the creation of new forms of cooperatives, the constant work of consulting centers, and effective state support.
International food trade is an important direction of economic development of any state. The article examines the state of the world market of agricultural products and food at the present stage. Its commodity structure is shown and the main exporters and importers of food in the world are identified. Developed countries: USA, EU, Canada, Great Britain occupy leading positions in the world food trade, they account for more than 50% of world exports and more than 40% of food imports. At the same time, there is a growing role of countries with economies in transition and developing countries, whose share in food exports has doubled over the period 2000-2020 and currently stands at about 15% (China, India, Indonesia, Mexico). An important trend in the development of world food trade is an increase in the share of finished products of a high degree of processing in the export structure. The article notes the growing role of Russia in the food trade. The OECD-FAO forecast for the development of the world food market for the period 2021-2030 is given, according to which in the next decade the growth rate of demand for certain commodity groups of products is expected to slow down, per capita consumption of which is approaching optimal, these are primarily cereals, root crops and tubers, meat and fish products.
The development of the agricultural sector of the economy has become one of the priorities of the formation of a new model of socio-economic development of Russia. The real sector is becoming more and more innovation-oriented, new opportunities are being created in the country for the implementation of digital transformation and the transition to new development benchmarks. Life shows that new mechanisms are needed, including concepts, strategies and programs for the development of industries and sub-sectors of the agro-industrial complex. Back in the early 2000 s. a Concept for the development of innovation activity in the agro-industrial complex of Russia (project) was developed, approved in 2002, which laid the theoretical and practical foundations for the subsequent development of industry-based fundamental program and regulatory documents regulating the development and management of innovation processes in the agro-industrial complex, as well as the development of their specific directions in various areas of agro-industrial production, which would meet the modern requirements imposed on the industry contributed to the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and gave maximum economic effect. The purpose of the development of the concept of the development of innovative processes in the agro-industrial complex was to prepare a fundamental document containing the scientific foundations, reflecting the essence and content of these processes in their significance for the industry, as well as priority directions for the formation of sectoral innovation policy in modern conditions with the disclosure of methods and mechanisms of its implementation in relation to the peculiarities of agro-industrial production.