In article the problem of low efficiency of investment activity of the agricultural organizations which are carrying out reproduction of fixed assets is considered. Results of groups of indicators of the agricultural organizations of the Nizhny Novgorod Region testify to existence of a tendency of positive influence of investment security and investment armament on indicators of efficiency of a production activity. The greatest efficiency of investment activity was observed in groups from shares of the state in financing of investment activity within 6-9‰. Distribution of the state support among the organizations is offered to be carried out taking into account their rating by absolute efficiency of investment activity. The solution of the problem of increase of efficiency of investment activity of the agricultural organizations at reproduction of fixed assets has to have complex character that demands use of the state and private mechanisms of regulation.
The objective analysis of processes of the state support is necessary for rational and effective management of streams of the state support. Results of group of regions of the Nizhny Novgorod Region on the size of subsidies for 1 hectare of an arable land show that with growth of the size of subsidies for 1 hectare the economic return decreases. Comparison of profitability taking into account subsidies and without them draws obvious and unambiguous a conclusion about the insufficient level of financing and about need of state support and from now on. The financing provided by the state program is much lower, than it is necessary for effective work for agricultural producers of the Nizhny Novgorod Region.
In evolutionary development of forms and systems of compensation in agriculture of Russia authors allocate seven stages, each of which has the features. The present stage is characterized by existence of the minimum guaranteed compensation level, independence of the employer in application of forms and systems of compensation, reduction of use of systems of payment for the end results of work. In the first six stages the ratio of an average monthly salary to workers of agriculture with its size in general on a national economy was characterized by high specific weight, now this ratio developed significantly lower. At the present stage it is necessary to provide first of all the essential growth of compensation of workers of agriculture and more closely to carry out its connection with the end results of work.
In article in the retrospective plan tendencies of development of farms in Stavropol Krai are considered, the role and value of farms in agrarian sector of economy of edge are analysed. The main problems in development of small business in agrarian and industrial complex are designated. The analysis of dynamics of development of farms in Stavropol Krai showed that farms possess the essential potential which possibility of effective realization restrains the low level of their material base, lack of the adjusted sales channels of the made production, considerable lag of rural infrastructure, unresolved personnel problems in the village. The carried-out support of small business doesn't provide real structural changes and the actual increase of a role of small business not only as subject of economy, but also as keeper of special rural lifestyle.
In the conditions of market economy the uncertainty level assessment by drawing up forecasts is one of the defining factors for acceptance and the subsequent realization by businessmen of the received forecasts. The author is offered to divide values of coefficient of a variation into groups proceeding from probability of approach of an event and possible consequences at approach of a risk situation. On the basis of the carried-out analysis of data of 60 farms of the Nizhny Novgorod Region research on three types of agricultural production is executed: to grain, milk and gain of cattle. The developed technique of an assessment of forecasting and an assessment of possible losses will allow the head of business to choose the most acceptable way of development of the enterprise at the available production resources, considering possible risk losses.
In the last decades in the world the sustainable development on the basis of decrease in load of environment was proclaimed, the concept of so-called "green" economy urged to provide more harmonious coordination of economic, social and ecological spheres of activity of people was created. Important lines of such economy are: effective use of natural resources; preservation and increase in the natural capital; reduction of environmental pollution; prevention of loss of a biodiversity; increase in ecosystem services; growth of the income and employment of the population. Russia has high potential for a sustainable development and formation of new economy in the world. The country has to play more active role in processes of greening of global economy, try to receive from it economic benefits.
The problems of food security of indigenous peoples and local communities in the Arctic and Subarctic are discussed. The specific features of the region is determined by the existence of two economic systems: self-sustaining and market. Main factors determining the food security of the North, are the availability of traditional food and the possibility to purchased imported foods. Typically, half of the food consumed here is a traditional food obtained by indigenous people in the process of hunting, fishing and gathering restricted by the installed licenses and quotas. Arctic food (meat, fish and wild plants) is increasingly recognized as a valuable and "functional" and is in high demand in the world market. Production of environmentally friendly Arctic food is becoming increasingly important for the development of tourism and in general for the sustainable development of the Arctic. Necessary condition for achieving food security and sustainable rural development in Northern Regions is the spread of mixed economy based on a combination of traditional forms of economy of indigenous peoples of the North (reindeer herding, fishing and gathering, etc.) and such branches of agriculture as husbandry, vegetables and grain production which boundaries are expected to move to the North due to global climate changes.
Recommendations about formation of strategic indicators of technical modernization of agriculture in the conditions of the concrete region are presented in article. The detailed analysis is carried out and indicators of technical modernization of agriculture of the Oryol region are proved. A key factor of effective technical modernization in agriculture is stimulation of agrarian scientific researches on questions of development, advance and development of technical and technological innovations in agriculture, the organizational and economic mechanism of technical modernization at the level of the region. The complex solution of the offered directions of realization of strategy of technical modernization will provide organizational, technical and technological updating of agro-industrial production and increase of its efficiency. Technical modernization of agriculture demands considerable financial investments, needs detailed scientific study and justification. The offered directions of development have to be applied taking into account regional features and modern development of technology and equipment.
Possibilities of adaptation of measures of support of agriculture to requirements of the WTO are considered. The problem of Russia not only in the low general level of the allowed support, but also that at the beginning of the period when the volume of the resolved "yellow box" is maximum, Russia doesn't choose it, and at the end of the period, the country faces a real problem to violate obligations. It is shown that at the expense of various options of reference of supports in grocery and specific or grocery and nonspecific it is possible to achieve a conclusion of considerable volumes of support from "a yellow box " of the WTO. Such opportunities as change of the mechanism of supports and more careful distribution of measures for "boxes" according to requirements of the Agreement on agriculture of the WTO are also considered. It is proved that within the existing State program there is a high potential of opportunities of adaptation to conditions of the WTO as due to application of the rule "de-minimus", and change of formulations and the mechanism of supports. By drawing up the notification it is necessary to carry out the whole series of calculations to the WTO, choosing the most acceptable option