The dynamics of the availability of the main types of equipment in agricultural organizations of the Udmurt Republic is presented, the annual trend of reduction of means of production is noted and calculations of their needs are presented. The role of the state in the need to improve the production and economic relations of agricultural machinery and rural producers in the provision of means of production is noted. The main measures aimed at meeting the needs of farmers in the means of mechanization are formulated.
Within the framework of this article, the provisions of federal laws and by-laws regulating the state administration of advisory assistance to subjects of the agricultural products market are analyzed in relation to the economic category "consulting". The article considers the activities of Information and Consulting services and Competence Centers as key participants in consulting assistance to the agricultural sector of the economy. The authors come to the conclusion that there is a lack of system in determining their competence, tasks, and the subject of counseling. With the development of information technologies, especially neural networks, questions are being raised about the need to use artificial intelligence for consulting and information assistance to agricultural producers and other participants in the agro-industrial complex system.
The article presents a conceptual approach to assessing the equivalence of economic relations of participants in the dairy product chain using indicators of profit margins, return on sales and turnover of advanced capital. A comparative analysis was carried out on the example of agricultural, food and trade organizations of the Voronezh region, whose main activities are related to: breeding dairy cattle and production of raw milk (the first link); production of dairy products (the second link); trade in finished products (the third link). Methodological solutions and analytical calculations are presented, which testify to the inequality of reproduction conditions. Agricultural producers, as the primary link in the dairy chain, are in a relatively worse position with respect to revenue and profit from sales. A longer production cycle makes it necessary to have a higher return on sales and profit margin to ensure the sustainable development of the main production.
In modern conditions, grant support of business entities is aimed at developing initiatives and stimulating the activities of agricultural producers. An individual approach to such financing contributes to the creation of new and activation of existing business entities. The article considers the importance of state support in the development of small business entities and, accordingly, their participation in the food supply of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of the study of the types of grants provided by the main characteristics and analysis of budget financing, the features of grant support in the region are identified and prospects for its development are outlined.
The information support system of economic entities is presented as a set of information resources and services that implement the functions of meeting the information needs of users operating within the common information space. System-wide problems limiting the effectiveness of the formation and use of SPI are formulated and the main ways of their solution are proposed. The reasons that make it difficult to develop a strategy for the digital transformation of economic entities and their information support system are identified. It is concluded that the development and implementation of the digital transformation strategy of the information support system for agricultural producers can be presented as a set of sequentially executed stages grouped in the context of three levels: preparation for digital transformation, development of a digital transformation strategy, transformation of the information support system. It is argued that the choice of a strategy for digital transformation of the information support system of economic entities should be carried out in accordance with the strategy of their digital development, the development of which takes place based on both the level of economic and technical and technological development of a particular agricultural producer and its internal readiness to initiate digitalization processes, and the degree of involvement of the state in regulating the processes of digital development of agriculture and agro-food complex.
The article explores the formation of information on the creation of value in an agricultural organization for the short term and long term. For this, as well as for the organization of accounting, a more simplified classification of capital is proposed. A characteristic is given for each type of capital. In order to reflect value creation in integrated reporting, it is recommended to use the developed form of the balance of resources and capital of the agricultural organization. At the same time, it is proposed to use the fair value determined by applying qualimetric indicators of quantitative assessment of the quality of all types of material assets, biological and land assets to assess the resource organization. In addition, it is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the use of funds of various types of capital according to the specified balance sheet.
Taking into account the conservatism of the agricultural sector, the processes associated with the introduction of new equipment, technologies, and digital transformation are somewhat lagging behind other sectors of the national economy. The state, represented by the authorities and management, seeks to intensify the processes of technical, technical and technological renewal of the agricultural sector, its transfer to digital rails in order to work more efficiently in the present and future. Production volumes are closely correlated with investments in the fixed capital of the industry. Investments in fixed assets at the expense of profit of enterprises are direct and legitimate sources of renewal of fixed assets in agriculture, in particular, the purchase of tractors, combines, cars, production lines, as well as other agricultural machinery necessary for the production cycle. The result of investment activity is manifested in the effective operation of non-current assets. Assessing the dynamics of the indicators of capital productivity and capital intensity, we can say that the efficiency of the use of fixed assets of agriculture is somewhat reduced in the region, i.e. relatively high growth rates of investment costs in the agricultural sector are not paid off by the output of products. Therefore, the pace of investment in the industry should be somewhat suspended, and attention should be focused on the efficiency of the use of non-current assets already available. It is necessary to pay more attention to the improvement of organizational and managerial aspects of investment activities, to improve the mechanisms and methods of agricultural production management.
The goal is determining the impact of legal regulation on the development of investment transactions in the Internet space, as well as the prospects for improving this regulation in the interests of ensuring food security in Russia. To do this, based on international experience, the method of regression analysis is used to compile an econometric model of the impact of legal regulation on investment transactions of agricultural organizations in the Internet space. Guided by the model, the author concluded that legal regulation is important for the development of investment transactions carried out by agricultural organizations in the Internet space. Legal barriers to the development of these transactions in Russia have been identified: insufficient elaboration of the specifics of agriculture in the government digitalization strategy, as well as incomplete protection of minority investors in agriculture. The prospect of development of these transactions in Russia is also indicated, associated with the improvement of food security regulation and the strengthening of guarantees for the enforcement of contracts in agriculture. The results of the study are a contribution to the development of the concept of investment transactions carried out by agricultural organizations in the Internet space, by clarifying the contribution of legal regulation to the development of these transactions and benefiting from food security.
In the Russian Federation, agriculture is a backbone industry that ensures food and economic security. Activation of inter-regional cooperation of neighboring regions in agriculture and forestry, hunting, fishing is a significant potential for the socio-economic development of the regions. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the development of economic activities in agriculture and forestry in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in neighboring regions: the Republic of Tatarstan, the Udmurt Republic, the Orenburg, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, the Perm Territory based on the localization of production. To evaluate the factual material, methods of comparative, structural-logical, economic-statistical analysis were used. The object of the research is the agriculture and forestry of the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions. Hunting, fishing and fish farming are not included in the study because they are underdeveloped in the regions. Among the neighboring regions, regions were identified in which the agriculture and forestry industry is the leading one, located in the zone of increased localization and advanced development. Competitive types of production in agriculture and forestry are identified, the advantages of the regions in the production of basic types of agricultural products, dominant trends are considered in more detail, which will allow using the opportunities of the regions for further cooperation.
The Russian Federation, in the context of a significant increase in the gross grain harvest, has significantly increased its export supplies. At the same time, in order to protect the domestic market, ensure food security and sustainability, tariff quotas for grain exports were introduced. This led to the fact that grain exports by regional organizations began to depend not only on the resulting surplus – the excess of domestic production over domestic consumption, but also on a number of other factors, in particular, the compliance of the allocated tariff quota with the size of the regional surplus of grain production and consumption, as well as the degree of use of this quota.