OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND LOCATION OF CATTLE BREEDING IN RUSSIA

DOI 10.32651/259-127

Issue № 9, 2025, article № 17, pages 127-135

Section: Location of production

Language: Russian

Original language title: ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ СТРУКТУРЫ И РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ СКОТОВОДСТВА РОССИИ

Keywords: DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE BREEDING, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ZONED BREEDS, BREEDS ALLOCATION

Abstract: Having developed a methodology and carried out an economic assessment of cattle breeds, a strategy for the development of domestic cattle breeding was formulated. We believe that the conceptual basis for the sustainable development of dairy and beef cattle breeding in Russia is the established gene pool (broadly understood as an organizational, production and economic category), represented by 37 breeds of zoned cattle populations. For the first time in the history of modern Russia, based on objectively existing realities (organizational and legal forms of ownership, the state of the breeding base, conservation of genetic diversity, foreign policy factors, food security), an attempt has been made to economically justify the optimal structure of cattle breeding and the distribution of production by region. At the same time, optimizing the structure of cattle breeding, we have moved on to a deeper study of the problem, from a simple relationship between dairy and beef cattle breeding to a breed structure for each region that ensures the most profitable management of the industry. Based on previous studies, in addition to economic indicators, parameters for livestock reproduction were calculated, the productive characteristics of breeds depending on the region of their breeding, and the ability of individual zoned breed populations to reproduce extensively was identified and formalized mathematically. All these data were used as initial information in solving the original economic and mathematical problem, which served as the main toolkit for finding the optimal solution. The results of the decision clearly indicate that domestic cattle breeding is fully capable of solving the problem of full import substitution in the domestic market of milk and beef by 2030 on the basis of its own resources. At the same time, the number of breeding stock in agricultural organizations and farms should increase to 4.86 million heads in dairy cattle breeding and 3.27 million heads in beef cattle breeding.

Authors: CHinarov Vladimir Ivanovich, SHamina Olga Viktorovna