FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT FARMS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DOI 10.32651/259-84

Issue № 9, 2025, article № 11, pages 84-91

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: ФАКТОРЫ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩИЕ РАЗВИТИЮ КРЕСТЬЯНСКИХ ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ХОЗЯЙСТВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Keywords: PEASANT FARMS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, DEVELOPMENT FACTORS, CROP PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK FARMING, PROFITABILITY, FINANCIAL RESULT, TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Abstract: It has been established that the activities of peasant (farming) households in Russia are influenced by such factors as the level of specialization, diversification of manufactured products, renewal of elite varieties of seeds and planting material and breeding animals, availability of feed of own production, compliance with crop cultivation technologies, level of technical equipment, average age of farmers, location of municipal districts, marketing opportunities, product procurement system, farmers' access to credit resources, grant financing from the state, legislative framework, pricing and some other factors. The contribution of peasant (farming) households is growing from year to year. By 2024, the contribution of farms to the development of the agricultural sector amounted to 14.2%. In 2024, peasant (farming) households of the country produced agricultural products worth 1265.2 billion rubles, of which almost 81% were crop products and 19% were livestock products. In crop production in 2024, the country's farmers produced 36% of sunflower seeds, 30% of grain and leguminous crops, 20% of vegetables, 14% of potatoes, 5% of fruits and berries. In animal husbandry in 2024, farmers produced 40.8% of wool, 29% of sheep products, 13% of cattle meat, 9% of milk, more than 5% of honey, 3% of cattle and poultry for slaughter, 1.5% of poultry meat, 1.3% of eggs, and 0.6% of pork. The profitability level of sold livestock products is slightly lower than in crop production. The level of profitability of crop production in the Russian Federation was on average 35%, in the Volga Federal District - 23%, in the Republic of Bashkortostan - 10-20.5%. In livestock farming, the profitability of sales for the period from 2015 to 2022 decreased by 3.9 percentage points, amounting to 11.5%. At the level of the Volga Federal District, the level of profitability of sold livestock products increased by 1.7 percentage points, amounting to 14%. At the level of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the level of profitability of sold livestock products decreased by 4.7%, amounting to only 8.8%. The activities of peasant (farming) households are seriously affected by the general level of prices for agricultural products, as well as the willingness of the population to purchase high-quality farm products at higher prices.

Authors: Kuznetsova Alfiia Rashitovna, Mukhametshina Regina Irekovna