INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING BY SELECTING COWS WITH THE BEST GENOTYPES

DOI 10.32651/252-90

Issue № 2, 2025, article № 11, pages 90-95

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МОЛОЧНОГО СКОТОВОДСТВА ПУТЕМ ОТБОРА КОРОВ С ЛУЧШИМИ ГЕНОТИПАМИ

Keywords: EFFICIENCY, DAIRY FARMING, PROFITABILITY, GENOTYPE

Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding depending on the organization of cow selection based on the identification of the best genotypes. The purpose is to determine the efficiency of milk production in enterprises of the Omsk region when implementing a model of selection of cows taking into account genotypes When using as a criterion for selecting cows in the leading group, evaluating the genotype and intensity of selection in the leading group at the level of 50%, an increase in average productivity can be expected at the level of 2890 kg. With a decrease in the level of breeding pressure and selection of 75% of the evaluated cows, the increase in milk yield is +2644 kg or 34.52% relative to the average productivity of cows before breeding events. The difference between the predicted and actual milk yield was +347 kg for the red steppe breed and +92 kg for black-and-white cows. Optimization of the herd structure and the transition to breeding only evaluated animals provides for annual renewal of improved livestock in the amount of 20% of the number of cows. Additional revenue is expected in the range of 5.0 to 6.4%. In the planned period, an enterprise breeding a red steppe breed will be able to receive additional profit in the amount of 72.9 million rubles in 5 years, and an enterprise with a black and mottled breed - about 30.6 million rubles. At the same time, the level of profitability in the studied farms may increase in the range from 5.5 to 8.2 percentage points. Due to the increase in the share of cows with increased genetic potential, as the most productive group of animals, the output per day from one cow will increase by 1.31-2.13 kg of milk, the cost of 100 kg of milk will decrease by 21.9–48.1 rubles. at current prices of the reporting period. Thus, the use of cow selection, taking into account the effectiveness of the genotype, leads to an increase in gross milk production, a decrease in the cost of production, which contributes to additional profit and increased efficiency of the industry.

Authors: Ivanova Irina Petrovna, IUrchenko Elena Nikolaevna