DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Issue № 11, 2024, article № 15, pages 109-114
Section: Social problems of rural territories
Language: Russian
Original language title: ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Keywords: POPULATION DENSITY, RURAL AREAS, DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS, RURAL SUPPORT MEASURES
Abstract: The level of development of countries and individual regions is significantly influenced by demographic factors, which also determine the conditions for the formation of various aspects of society: social, economic, political, etc. As studies show, in the Penza region and in the Russian Federation as a whole, the socio-demographic sphere is characterized by negative development dynamics due to the low birth rate, high mortality rate, aging population and problems of migration processes. This is especially relevant for rural areas. The article analyzes the dynamics of the urban and rural population of the Russian Federation, the Volga Federal District and the Penza Region over ten years. It also examines the factors influencing the change in the region's population and standard of living. As a result of the analysis, it can be noted that throughout the entire period under study, there has been a decrease in the total population of the Penza region. The 2023 figure is 9.1% lower than the 2014 level, while the decrease in the rural population was 12% over this period. The greatest impact on the population decline was exerted by natural movement indicators; in 2014-2013, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births per 1,000 people. Migration movement indicators also have a negative trend. To improve the situation, economic and social measures are needed that will improve the standard and quality of life of the rural population. For these purposes, the State Program "Integrated Development of Rural Areas" was approved at the state level by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.05.2019. Thus, with competent and effective use of the potential of rural areas, sustainable economic development and a high standard and quality of life for the rural population of the country can be ensured.
Authors: Vinnichek Liubov Borisovna, Alekseeva Svetlana Nikolaevna, SHpagina Irina Evgenevna