PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HOP CULTIVATION IN RUSSIA

DOI 10.32651/243-94

Issue № 3, 2024, article № 12, pages 94-99

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ХМЕЛЕВОДСТВА РОССИИ

Keywords: HOP GROWING, HOPS AND HOP PRODUCTS, DEVELOPMENT, FORECASTING, PLANNING, STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT, INVESTING

Abstract: The peak of hop production in the Soviet Union occurred in 1985, when the size of the fruiting areas of hop fields was maximum, and the average yields also increased, which, according to data for 1981-1985, remained 6.6 c/ha. Then production began to gradually decline. This was facilitated by a number of factors, namely: low product quality, lack of storage capabilities with small losses, and high labor intensity. The listed aspects, along with the impossibility of updating specialized machinery and equipment, led to a decrease in hop production volumes in Russia. The crop yield in 1994 was one of the lowest in the history of cultivation. It was lower only in 2010, due to the summer drought in the Volga, Southern and Central federal districts of Russia. Despite the stabilization of the situation in 2022, when the total area of hop fields by 2021 increased by 1.5 times, to 328 hectares, the area of fruit-bearing hop fields - by 8.3%, to 144 hectares, yield - by 8.2%, to 15 .9 c/ha, the industry still faces a number of problems: the labor intensity of growing the crop, the lack of high-quality planting material, the lack of a full line of units for cultivating hops. At the same time, a number of subjects of the country have potential for the development of hop growing. These include regions with favorable weather conditions and fertile land resources - these are the subjects of the Black Earth Region (Lipetsk, Voronezh and other regions); regions with a warm climate - for example, the Krasnodar Territory; regions of the Volga region, where the historical traditions of hop growing have been preserved, and the cultivation of the crop continues - these are the Chuvash Republic, as well as the Republic of Mari El; The most eastern entities supporting the development of the industry are the Altai Republic and the Altai Territory. In this regard, the stable development of the direction will be possible primarily for those entities that can create the most favorable conditions for attracting investors interested in the evolution of hop growing.

Authors: Afanaseva Olesia Gennadevna, Ivanov Evgenii Alekseevich, Makushev Andrei Evgenevich