TRANSFER OF BREEDING AND GENETIC ACHIEVEMENTS INTO ECONOMIC PRACTICE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

DOI 10.32651/242-2

Issue № 2, 2024, article № 1, pages 2-13

Section: Program-target management of development of agricultural production

Language: Russian

Original language title: ТРАНСФЕР СЕЛЕКЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ В ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННУЮ ПРАКТИКУ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ

Keywords: RUSSIAN FEDERATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, BREEDING AND GENETIC ACHIEVEMENTS, TRANSFER TO BUSINESS PRACTICE

Abstract: The problem of dependence of domestic agricultural producers on breeding and genetic developments of Western companies remains high and by the end of 2022 this figure was about 40 percent. The article shows the role of state regulation in overcoming the unacceptably high technological dependence of Russian agricultural production on foreign supplies of seeds, planting and breeding materials. It is noted that in order to solve this problem, a set of measures is needed to accelerate the transfer of breeding achievements into economic practice with appropriate coordination at the state and regional levels of organizational, industrial, educational, scientific and methodological activities, based on close interaction between the state, science and business. The mechanisms of state regulation in the field of import substitution, which are divided into legal, economic, administrative and organizational, are considered. At the same time, the key role in this process is assigned to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. A model of interaction between the state, science and agricultural business has been developed for the accelerated transfer of breeding and genetic achievements into economic practice. The possibilities of the national project "Science and Universities" to modernize the material and technical base of the country's breeding centers, including for marker breeding, provision of analytical instruments, breeding equipment, phytotron-greenhouse complexes based on parallel imports, have been studied. The role and importance of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030 in obtaining breeding achievements and their transfer to economic practice are determined. A significant role in the transfer of breeding and genetic achievements to agricultural production should be given to high-quality training and timely retraining of personnel, which should become the basis of personnel policy in the country. Based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, a model of continuous agricultural education is proposed. Proposals of a regulatory, economic and organizational nature for the transfer of breeding achievements to the real sector of the economy are formulated.

Authors: Nechaev Vasilii Ivanovich, Mikhailushkin Pavel Valerevich, TSyplenkova Nataliia Vladimirovna