DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF OILSEED PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIA

DOI 10.32651/241-63

Issue № 1, 2024, article № 9, pages 63-68

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: ДИНАМИКА И СТРУКТУРА ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В РОССИИ

Keywords: OILSEEDS, DYNAMICS, STRUCTURAL CHANGES, REGIONS

Abstract: Over the past 30 years, significant structural changes have taken place in the country's crop production. The average volume of gross harvest of oilseeds in the regions of the Russian Federation increased by 8 times during the analyzed period, the median value of the volume of gross harvest of oilseeds increased by 196 times. The maximum volume of the gross harvest of oilseeds increased by 3 times, and if in 1996 the leader was the Krasnodar Territory, then in 2021 it is the Rostov Region. The production of oilseeds is mainly carried out in agricultural organizations, although the share of peasant farms (individual enterprises) has increased over the analyzed period and currently stands at more than 30%. The volume of gross harvest of oilseeds in peasant farms (IE) has increased over 30 years by more than 23 times, in agricultural organizations by more than 6 times, and in farms of the population has practically not changed. A comparative analysis of the regions in terms of yield, sown area and gross harvest of oilseeds shows that four regions that are leaders in terms of sown area (Rostov Region, Saratov Region, Altai Territory, and Volgograd Region) and one region in terms of yield (Krasnodar Territory) are among the seven leading regions in terms of gross harvest. The increase in the volume of gross harvest of oilseeds is currently mainly due to an increase in the sown area. During the period under review, there were structural changes in the volume of oilseed production by type. Thus, in 1996, 85.5% of the total production was occupied by sunflower seeds, 8.8% of soybeans, 1.2% of mustard seeds, and 4.17% of rapeseeds. In 2021, sunflower seeds already occupy 63.0% of the total production of oilseeds, soybeans - 19.15%, mustard seeds - 0.58%, rapeseed - 11.24%.

Authors: Imeskenova Erzhena Gavrilovna, Kokieva Galiia Ergeshevna, Garmaev Delgyr TSydypovich, Vanchikova Elena Nikolaevna