ON THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON AGRICULTURE OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT

DOI 10.32651/241-10

Issue № 1, 2024, article № 2, pages 10-15

Section: Problems of efficient management

Language: Russian

Original language title: К ВОПРОСУ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

Keywords: AGRICULTURE, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT, HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT, AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE, YIELD

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the main trends in natural and climatic changes occurring in the territory of the Siberian Federal District and the assessment of their impact on the agricultural production of the macro-region. The materials and methods of the study were climatic indicators: average annual air temperature; annual sum of atmospheric precipitation; dates of air temperature transition through 0, +5, +10°С towards temperature increase and decrease; period with air temperature above 0, +5, +10°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. The study found that global warming in the northern regions is at a faster pace than in the southern regions. In addition, there is an increase in the duration of the growing season and the frost-free period (1-3 days every 10 years). The analysis of the hydrothermal coefficient showed an increase in climate aridity in the republics of Tuva and Altai and in the Irkutsk region. Correlation analysis of grain and leguminous crop yield (key agricultural crop of Siberia) dependence on average annual temperature change was carried out. As a result, it was found that the increase in average annual temperature has a different effect on the yield of grain and leguminous crops. If in the northern regions of Siberia warming leads to an increase in the yield indicator, then in the southern regions - to a decrease, i.e. in the north of the Siberian Federal District, global warming will be accompanied by an increase in the growing season, the duration of the frost-free period, etc. It will be possible to grow new varieties of crops, including late ripening. In the southern regions, an increase in climate aridity will lead to an increase in the number of droughts and, accordingly, a decrease in crop yields. In these regions, the use of drought-resistant crop varieties, the introduction of pre-sowing seed processing technologies and the application of mineral fertilizers are necessary.

Authors: Petukhova Marina Sergeevna, Voropai Nadezhda Nikolaevna