FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF MONITORING AND AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY SOLUTION IN THE ARCTIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF DOMESTIC REINDEER HERDING AND HUNTING OF WILD REINDEER

DOI 10.32651/231-119

Issue № 1, 2023, article № 15, pages 119-127

Section: Foreign news

Language: Russian

Original language title: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ МОНИТОРИНГА И РЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ АРКТИКИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДОМАШНЕГО ОЛЕНЕВОДСТВА И ПРОМЫСЛА ДИКОГО ОЛЕНЯ

Keywords: ARCTIC, DOMESTIC REINDEER HERDING, WILD REINDEER HUNTING, SUSTAINABILITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM, CLIMATE AND ECOLOGICAL CHANGES, ADAPTATION MEASURES, CO-MANAGEMENT, MIXED ECONOMY

Abstract: The article analyzes the Scandinavian and North American experience in achieving sustainability of agricultural systems of domestic reindeer herding and wild reindeer hunting in the Arctic. The exchange of experience in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural reindeer herding systems is extremely relevant in the current conditions of sharp and rapid climatic and ecological changes observed in the Arctic. The consequences of changes in natural and ecological conditions affecting the sustainability of domestic reindeer husbandry and wild reindeer hunting in the Arctic include a decrease in the productivity of pasture vegetation, thawing of permafrost, seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation, erosion of coastal areas, forest and tundra fires. Significant impacts on the sustainability of reindeer husbandry are also being made by environmental modernization undertaken at the national level and implemented in the Arctic. The ongoing socially-oriented monitoring in the Norwegian province of Finn mark, which has been started in 2021, shows that the problem of the negative impact of wind power plants on the state of reindeer pastures and reindeer herd has not yet found constructive solutions and requires taking into account traditional knowledge and the opinion of reindeer herders and local residents when choosing a territory for the construction of wind farms. Judging by the experience of Alaska and Canada, an important problem in the development of wild reindeer hunting is the increasing industrial and infrastructural development of the Arctic, which, along with climate change may have also impacts on the reduction of reindeer herds. Measures for adaptation to natural and ecological changes are given, in particular, the creation of a joint bio resources management system - co-management, developed in Canada.

Authors: Vlasova Tatiana Kuzminichna, Volkov Sergei Gennadevich