SOYBEAN SEED PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION – CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

DOI 10.32651/231-80

Issue № 1, 2023, article № 10, pages 80-88

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СОИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ – ТЕКУЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Keywords: SEED PRODUCTION, SOYBEANS, DOMESTIC BREEDING, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, FOOD SECURITY DOCTRINE, AGRICULTURE

Abstract: In accordance with the Doctrine of Food Security, the share of seeds of domestic selection for agricultural crops should not be lower than 75%. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, soybeans belong to agricultural crops with a share of seeds of foreign selection from 40 to 50%. The main objective of the development of breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation is to reduce the share of imported seeds by using various methods of influence from the state in this segment and increase the number of seeds of domestic selection. The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of domestic soybean breeding and seed production in the modern economic conditions of the Russian Federation to identify current organizational and economic problems in this segment. It has been established that there are certain organizational and economic problems in the soybean breeding and seed production industry, such as low crop yield (the increase in yield since 2010 is no more than 0.57 t/ha), a low level of provision of domestic producers with seeds of domestic selection, an increase in the share of foreign seed material in the structure of acreage over the past 5 years on 24% – from 17.6% in 2016 to 41.6% in 2020. These problems need to be solved, and the effectiveness of these solutions can be ensured with direct state participation and strengthening the importance of domestic breeding and seed production through the implementation of programs aimed at improving the system of state variety testing and registration actions, obtaining competitive soybean varieties on the domestic market, the introduction of innovative technologies for seed crops, methods of creating scientific and educational centers for the purpose of training highly qualified personnel in the field of breeding and seed production for the agricultural sector of the economy.

Authors: CHutcheva IUliia Vasilevna, Belyshkina Marina Evgenevna, Degtiareva Elena Dmitrievna