THE ROLE OF AGROMELIORATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC FARMING IN SIBERIA ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURE OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.32651/231-35

Issue № 1, 2023, article № 4, pages 35-43

Section: Problems of efficient management

Language: Russian

Original language title: РОЛЬ АГРОМЕЛИОРАЦИИ В РАЗВИТИИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ СИБИРИ

Keywords: AGRICULTURE, SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT, ORGANIC FARMING, LAND RECLAMATION, TECHNOLOGIES, CROP ROTATION, HYDRO-RECLAMATION

Abstract: The article discusses the role of agro-reclamation in the transition to organic farming in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The elements of the agro-reclamation system that can be integrated into "green" agriculture are considered. These include: hydro-reclamation, gentle methods of tillage, organic fertilizers, plowing of fallow lands, transfer of part of the reserve lands to agricultural lands, as well as crop rotation systems. It is revealed that in the regions of Siberia, as well as in Russia as a whole, there is an imbalance in the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. Most of the fallow lands in the region are located in the Altai Territory – 33%, and the Omsk Region, the Republic of Tyva and the Krasnoyarsk Territory also have significant growth potential for organic production. Fallow land is the basis for obtaining environmentally friendly products without significant effort and additional costs. For the production of eco-friendly crop production based on the principles of organic farming, it is necessary to use specialized crop rotations, the basis of which should be grains, legumes, fodder and oilseeds. The regions of the Siberian Federal District are located in different climatic zones, this also needs to be taken into account when choosing methods of tillage, in "green" agriculture, as in agro-reclamation, preference is given to gentle methods of tillage, the most common of which are, strip-till, no-till and mini-till. Based on the study, it was revealed that the priority regions for the gradual transition to organic farming are the Republic of Tyva, the Republic of Khakassia and the Omsk region. It is calculated that in the Siberian Federal District as a whole, with the transition to organic farming and the introduction of an agromelioration system, the decrease in grain yield will be 16%. This decrease will occur precisely during the transition period (about 3 years), in the future, with the rational use of organic farming technologies, it is possible to increase yields and exceed the indicator achieved with the use of mineral fertilizers.

Authors: Petukhova Marina Sergeevna, Zavalniuk Elena IUrevna