FEATURES OF CATTLE BREEDING AND FEED PRODUCTION IN TERRITORIES CONTAMINATED WITH RADIONUCLIDES AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT

DOI 10.32651/2211-64

Issue № 11, 2022, article № 10, pages 64-69

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЕДЕНИЯ СКОТОВОДСТВА И КОРМОПРОИЗВОДСТВА НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ РАДИОНУКЛИДАМИ, ПОСЛЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС

Keywords: CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT, RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF TERRITORIES, REHABILITATION MEASURES, DEVELOPMENT OF FEED PRODUCTION, DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING

Abstract: In the distant period after the Chernobyl accident (April 26, 1986) in the zone of radioactive contamination, the task of obtaining safe livestock products (milk, cattle meat) satisfying the permissible level of radionuclides is put forward to the fore. At the same time, it is fundamental to solve the problem of creating a rational sustainable feed base that meets the objective economic requirements of production along the chain of "clean" feed – "clean" livestock products, which helps to reduce the dose load on the human body. In the near future, one of the real and cost-effective ways to solve problems in feed production, improve soil fertility and reduce radioactive contamination, along with the use of all traditional resources, is to increase the rate of liming, phosphorization, potassium, the use of optimal doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, the use of cultural measures. This will reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in feed, obtain "pure" cattle breeding products and bring the state of soil acidity, humus, phosphorus, and potassium content to an optimal level. To determine the whole range of measures to overcome and eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, new theoretical approaches are considered in the article based on the analysis of feed production data and the production of cattle products (milk, cattle meat). Specialized farming systems provide, on the one hand, expanded reproduction of soil fertility, increasing crop yields and productivity of natural hayfields and pastures, obtaining agricultural products that meet sanitary and hygienic standards, on the other hand, guaranteeing the environmentally safe functioning of agricultural production.

Authors: CHirkov Evgenii Pavlovich, Smolskii Evgenii Vladimirovich, Babiak Mikhail Aleksandrovich