CONSERVATION, REPLENISHMENT, STUDY OF GENETIC COLLECTIONS AND ISOLATION OF NEW SOURCES AND DONORS OF GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAT INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND CROP YIELDS

DOI 10.32651/1911-51

Issue № 11, 2019, article № 9, pages 51-56

Section: Problems of efficient management

Language: Russian

Original language title: СОХРАНЕНИЕ, ПОПОЛНЕНИЕ, ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ КОЛЛЕКЦИЙ И ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ НОВЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ И ДОНОРОВ ГЕНЕТИКО-ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ, ПОВЫШАЮЩИХ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И УРОЖАИ РАСТЕНИЙ

Keywords: SPRING SOFT WHEAT (TRITICUMAESTIVUM L.), SPRING BARLEY (HORDEUM), AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, FACTORS, YIELD, VARIETY, SEEDS, GENETIC COLLECTIONS

Abstract: The aim of the research is to assess the effectiveness of innovative technologies for the creation of high-yield, abiotic and biotic-resistant environments, varieties of spring wheat and oats. According to priority breeding technologies, which came out of the theory of eco-genetic organization of quantitative characters (TEGOQC) genotypes (ancestors and parents) were selected with the maximum contribution to productivity of one (or more) of 7 genetic-physiological systems (GFS). From their crossing along the diallel scheme, a variety of Grenada spring wheat was created, combining the contributions of the top five GPS. The variety is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Ural (9) region of the Russian Federation, exceeds the yield standards by 10-12 c/ha. According to the technologies derived from TEGOQC, varieties of spring wheat have been created: 1) Irene with maximum contributions to the yield of GPS attractions, micro-distributions, adaptability, (yields of up to 68 c/ha), much higher than standards (Irgin, Tyumen early, and Arcas), and 2) variety Catherine with a total contribution to the yield of GPS (80-82 c/ha). Irene and Catherine are zoned, respectively, to 1-4, 9-11; and 4,9,10 regions of the Russian Federation. The Atlet oat variety zoned in the 9 region is characterized by good work of the GPS attraction, polygenic immunity of adaptability, forms an average grain yield of 52 c/ha (higher than the Sprint standard 2 on 13.3‰, and the forerunner varieties Garland and WW 17064 - on 8.3 - 20.1‰). The Uralets variety with the positive contribution of GPS adaptability and polygenic immunity, zoned in 10 regions, produces an average grain yield of 50 c/ha (above the standard for 5.8 c/ha) and a green mass of 382 c/ha (above the standards for 10-20 c/ha).

Authors: Vorobev Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Dragavtsev Viktor Aleksandrovich, Kardashina Valentina Evgenevna